Prevention and Choice for Type 2 (PACT2)

Effects of Allowing Choice of Dietary Regimen Within a Lifestyle Intervention Among Adults With Prediabetes Living in Rural Communities: Pilot and Feasibility Study

People living with prediabetes are advised to lose weight to prevent development of type 2 diabetes by participating in intensive lifestyle interventions (ILI's), such as PreventT2. The PreventT2 program focuses on a low-calorie diet for weight loss. However, many people find it difficult to stick to a low-calorie diet over the long-term. The identification of novel, effective and individualized dietary strategies to produce long-term weight loss is critically important in diabetes prevention. An ILI based on PreventT2 which considers individual preferences, allowing participants to choose among a variety of diets, may result in greater adherence to the diet than a standard PreventT2 intervention. ILIs also need to be available to individuals in a wide range of communities, including Americans living in rural communities, who experience higher rates of obesity and chronic disease, yet have less access to medical care, including programs for diabetes prevention. The investigators plan to develop and carry out a 16-week pilot and feasibility study of a group-based ILI program based on PreventT2 plus choice of dietary strategy (Prevention and Choice for Type2 , PACT2) delivered via videoconference to adults with prediabetes living in rural communities. Successful completion of this project will result in the refinement of an ILI that incorporates personal preferences and is tailored to individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes living in rural areas where access to such interventions is limited.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: PreDiabetes
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: PACT2

Detailed Description

Individuals with prediabetes are advised to lose weight to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes through engagement in intensive lifestyle interventions (ILI's), such as PreventT2, focusing on daily caloric restriction (DCR). However, long-term adherence to DCR is low; thus, identification of novel, effective and individualized dietary strategies to produce sustained weight loss and improvement in glycemic outcomes is critically important in diabetes prevention. An ILI based on PreventT2 which considers individual preferences, allowing participants to choose among a variety of dietary strategies, may result in greater engagement and adherence than a standard PreventT2 intervention. ILIs also need to be scalable and deliverable to individuals in a wide range of communities, including Americans living in rural communities, who experience higher rates of obesity and all-cause mortality, yet have significantly less access to medical care, including ILI programs for diabetes prevention. The investigators propose a 16-week pilot and feasibility study of a virtual group-based ILI program based on PreventT2 plus choice of dietary weight loss strategy (Prevention and Choice for Type 2, PACT2) delivered to adults with prediabetes living in rural communities. The overall hypothesis of the study is that PACT2 will result in increased dietary adherence and greater weight loss as compared to a standard DCR-based PreventT2 intervention in rural adults with pre-diabetes. The specific aims of this study are to: 1) Engage stakeholders at multiple levels to guide the design of the PreventT2 + Choice intervention in adults with prediabetes living in rural communities; and 2) Assess the feasibility and acceptability of PreventT2 + Choice intervention.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 20
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Colorado
    • Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045
      • University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult men and women aged 18-75 years
• BMI 27-45 kg/m2
• Prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%)
• Currently living in rural Eastern Colorado
• Have a primary care physician (or are willing to establish care with a primary care physician prior to study enrollment) to address medical issues which may arise during screening or study procedures/interventions.
• Participants will require sufficient internet connectivity and technological ability to connect to a videoconferencing platform OR they must be willing to travel to their primary care clinic or other location in order to connect to the videoconferencing platform.
• Capable and willing to give informed consent, understand exclusion criteria, attend the PACT2 program sessions, and complete outcome measures.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Type 1 or type 2 diabetes
• Self-reported significant uncontrolled medical condition (uncontrolled or untreated cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal or gastrointestinal disease; untreated hyper-or hypothyroidism; active untreated cancer)
• Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHG, systolic blood pressure >160 mmHG as measured in duplicate at the screening visit after 5 minutes of rest in a seated position.
• Plans to relocate in the next 7 months
• Currently participating in or planning to participate in any formal weight loss, dietary modification, or physical activity/exercise programs or clinical trials.
• Current severe depression. Score > 16 on Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaire will require further assessment by the Study MD to determine if it is appropriate for the subject to participate in the study.
• History of other significant psychiatric illness (e.g., psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, bipolar disorder) which in the opinion of the Study MD would interfere with ability to adhere to the dietary intervention.
• History of clinically diagnosed eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia, binge eating disorder. Score >20 on the EATS-26 or pattern of response on the QEWP-5 suggestive of possible binge eating disorder or bulimia will require further assessment by the Study MD to determine if it is appropriate for the subject to participate in the study.
• Regular use of prescription or over-the-counter medications known to significantly impact appetite, weight, sleep, or energy metabolism (e.g., appetite suppressants, lithium, stimulants, anti-psychotics, tricyclic antidepressants)
• Regular use of obesity pharmacotherapeutic agents within the last 6 months.
• Weight change >5 kg in past 3 months
• Women who are pregnant, lactating, or planning pregnancy in the next 6 months
• Current alcohol or substance abuse
• Individuals who are already participating in a weight loss program or who already follow one of the dietary strategies offered will also be excluded

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: PACT2; All participants will join a 16-week diabetes prevention program based on the PreventT2 curriculum. We have worked with stakeholders within the communities in rural Eastern Colorado to develop and refine the curriculum to offer 3 dietary strategies (daily caloric restriction, time restricted eating, and low carb diet) among which participants can choose.	Behavioral: PACT2; Behavioral lifestyle intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Body weight	Body weight	Baseline and 16 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Blood pressure	systolic and diastolic blood pressure	Baseline and 16 weeks
Physical activity	Physical activity measured with activPal device	Baseline and 16 weeks
Energy intake	energy intake measured with written food diaries	Baseline and 16 weeks
HbA1c	HbA1c	Baseline and 16 weeks
24 hr glucose levels	24 hr glucose levels measured with continuous glucose monitor	Baseline and 16 weeks
Dietary adherence	self-reported dietary adherence measured with questionnaires	0-16 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Colorado, Denver
• Collaborators: American Diabetes Association; High Plains Research Network
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Elizabeth Thomas, MD, University of Colorado School of Medicine

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 10, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 27, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): May 20, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 19, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 17, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): April 22, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 8, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 4, 2025
• Last Verified: August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus; Hyperglycemia; Prediabetic State; Glucose Intolerance
• Other Study ID Numbers: 23-2490

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No