Monitoring Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin in Fruit Snacks

Study the Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin in Different Fruit Snacks

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the postprandial glucose and insulin responses after different fruit snacks compared to confection control in a healthy population

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Blood Glucose; Blood Insulin
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 1; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 2; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 3; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 4; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 5; Dietary supplement: Confection control

Detailed Description

Fruit snacks made form sweetened dried fruits are great sources of polyphenols, fiber, and other nutrients. The addition of sugar could help the taste, texture, and shelf life of this type of product. Fruit snacks with different levels of sugar were developed to meet various consumer needs and the postprandial glucose response in healthy population compared with confection control is of interest to study.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 24
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Addison, Illinois, United States, 60101
      • Biofortis Innovation Services

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. ≥18 to ≤45 years of age at visit 1.
2. BMI ≥18.5 and <30.0 kg/m2 at visit 1.
3. Fasting capillary glucose <110 mg/dL at visit 1.
4. Willing to avoid consuming high-polyphenol containing foods for 48 h prior to each test visit.
5. Willing to abstain from alcohol consumption for 24 hours prior to each study visit.
6. Non-user of tobacco or nicotine products (e.g., cigarette smoking, vaping, chewing tobacco) within 12 months of visit 1, with no plans to begin use during the study period.
7. Willing to maintain habitual physical activity level throughout the duration of the study.
8. Willing to maintain habitual dietary pattern throughout the duration of the study, including stable intake of current vitamins, minerals, supplements and medications not interfering with study outcomes.
9. Score of 7 to 10 on the Vein Access Scale at visit 1.
10. No health conditions that would prevent him/her from fulfilling the study requirements as judged by the Clinical Investigator on the basis of medical history.
11. Understands the study procedures and signs forms providing informed consent to participate in the study and authorizes the release of relevant protected health information to the Clinical Investigator.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History or presence of clinically important cardiac, renal, hepatic, endocrine, pulmonary, biliary, pancreatic, or neurological disorders that may affect the participant's ability to adhere to the study protocol and/or affect study outcomes, in the judgment of the Investigator.
2. Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg) as defined by the blood pressure measured at visit 1
3. Unstable use (initiation or change in dose) within 30 days of visit 1 of antihypertensive medications.
4. Unstable use (initiation or change in dose) within 30 days of visit 1 of thyroid hormone replacement medications.
5. Use of medications or supplements that may influence carbohydrate metabolism within 30 days of visit 1.
6. Extreme dietary habits (e.g., ketogenic, very high protein, very high fiber, vegan, vegetarian) at the discretion of the Clinical Investigator.
7. Weight loss or gain >4.5 kg in the 2 months prior to visit 1.
8. Currently, or planning to be, on a weight loss regimen during the study.
9. Use of weight loss medication within 90 d of visit 1.
10. History of gastrointestinal surgery for weight reducing purposes.
11. History of an eating disorder (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating) diagnosed by a health professional.
12. Known allergy or sensitivity to any ingredients or potential allergens contained in the study product.
13. History or presence of cancer in the prior 2 years, except for non-melanoma skin cancer.
14. History of any major trauma or major surgical event within 2 months of visit 1.
15. Blood donation >450 mL within 8 weeks of visit 2 or plans to donate blood or plasma during the study period.
16. Female who is pregnant, planning to be pregnant during the study period, lactating, or is of childbearing potential with unstable use (initiation or change in dose) within 30 days of visit 1) of sex hormones for contraception.
17. Recent history of (within 12 months of screening; visit 1) or strong potential for alcohol or substance abuse. Alcohol abuse is defined as >14 drinks per week (1 drink = 12 oz beer, 5 oz wine, or 1½ oz distilled spirits).
18. Exposed to any non-registered drug product within 30 days prior to visit 1.
19. Any condition the Investigator believes would interfere with the participant's ability to provide informed consent or comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results or put the person at undue risk.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: First product order: order not stated to protect study blinding; Participant will receive each of the 5 study products sequentially in a cross-over design, consuming one study product for one visit, followed by 3-7-day wash-out period before beginning the next product in the sequence	Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 1; Fruit snack with original level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 2; Fruit snack with reduced level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 3; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 1; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 4; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 2; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 5; Fruit snack from raisins; Dietary supplement: Confection control; confection
Experimental: Second product order: order not stated to protect study blinding; Participant will receive each of the 5 study products sequentially in a cross-over design, consuming one study product for one visit, followed by 3-7-day wash-out period before beginning the next product in the sequence	Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 1; Fruit snack with original level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 2; Fruit snack with reduced level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 3; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 1; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 4; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 2; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 5; Fruit snack from raisins; Dietary supplement: Confection control; confection
Experimental: Third product order: order not stated to protect study blinding; Participant will receive each of the 5 study products sequentially in a cross-over design, consuming one study product for one visit, followed by 3-7-day wash-out period before beginning the next product in the sequence	Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 1; Fruit snack with original level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 2; Fruit snack with reduced level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 3; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 1; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 4; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 2; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 5; Fruit snack from raisins; Dietary supplement: Confection control; confection
Experimental: Fourth product order: order not stated to protect study blinding; Participant will receive each of the 5 study products sequentially in a cross-over design, consuming one study product for one visit, followed by 3-7-day wash-out period before beginning the next product in the sequence	Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 1; Fruit snack with original level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 2; Fruit snack with reduced level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 3; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 1; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 4; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 2; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 5; Fruit snack from raisins; Dietary supplement: Confection control; confection
Experimental: Fifth product order: order not stated to protect study blinding; Participant will receive each of the 5 study products sequentially in a cross-over design, consuming one study product for one visit, followed by 3-7-day wash-out period before beginning the next product in the sequence	Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 1; Fruit snack with original level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 2; Fruit snack with reduced level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 3; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 1; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 4; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 2; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 5; Fruit snack from raisins; Dietary supplement: Confection control; confection
Experimental: Sixth product order: order not stated to protect study blinding; Participant will receive each of the 5 study products sequentially in a cross-over design, consuming one study product for one visit, followed by 3-7-day wash-out period before beginning the next product in the sequence	Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 1; Fruit snack with original level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 2; Fruit snack with reduced level of sugar; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 3; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 1; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 4; Fruit snack with 0 added sugar - formulation 2; Dietary supplement: Fruit snack 5; Fruit snack from raisins; Dietary supplement: Confection control; confection

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Blood glucose iAUC - 2 hours	The primary outcome variable will be glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) from pre-product consumption to 120 min (iAUC0-120 min)	2 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Blood glucose change	Plasma glucose concentration change (Cmax - Cbaseline)	2 hours
blood glucose time to max concentration	Plasma glucose time to Cmax (Tmax)	2 hours
Blood insulin	Serum insulin iAUC, concentration change, time to the max concentration in 2 hours after consumption	2 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Aditi Shan, MD, Biofortis Innovation Services

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 22, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 30, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): October 31, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 5, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 5, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): June 14, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 14, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 9, 2025
• Last Verified: July 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: blood glucose; metabolic health; cranberry fruit snacks
• Other Study ID Numbers: BIO-2405

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No