Diagnostic Accuracy Study of Indocyanine Green for Perfusion Assessment (Pre-CLOVER)

Background Near-infrared fluorescence guided surgery with indocyanine green (ICG) was introduced for parathyroid perfusion assessment during total thyroidectomy in 2016. ICG can visualize tissue perfusion, since it becomes completely and permanently fixed to plasma proteins in the bloodstream, and circulates in the intravascular compartment only. ICG was already approved in 1956 for clinical use of tissue perfusion. However, until now there is still no (parathyroid) universal standard imaging protocol for ICG-guided fluorescent surgery including quantitative evaluation.

Main research question To develop a standardized universal imaging protocol for the assessment of parathyroid perfusion during total thyroidectomy with ICG including quantitative evaluation of the fluorescent signal.

• Design (including population, confounders/outcomes) This will be a proof-of-concept, prospective cohort study of patients undergoing an ICG-guided fluorescent total thyroidectomy to evaluate parathyroid gland perfusion. The main study endpoint is quantification of the fluorescent signal of ICG stratified by the occurrence of hypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism will be defined as a decrease in PTH of >70% at the first postoperative day. Furthermore, we will calculate the sensitivity of our model for the prediction of hypoparathyroidism.

Secondary outcomes are data from surgery, pre- and postoperative lab values (including calcium, PTH, albumin) and postoperative medication use.

Expected results We expect that the results of this study will lead to the development of a universal standard imaging protocol for ICG-guided fluorescent total thyroidectomy.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hypoparathyroidism
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Indocyanine Green near infrared fluorescence imaging; Drug: Indocyanine Green near infrared fluorescence imaging

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 80
• Phase: Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Netherlands
  • Groningen, Netherlands, 9700RB
    • University Medical Center Groningen
  • Rotterdam, Netherlands
    • Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age >18 years
2. Patients undergoing ICG-guided total thyroidectomy as surgical procedure for thyroid cancer, Graves' disease or goiter
3. Patients are eligible for surgery
4. Patients are mentally competent
5. Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with known allergy for ICG or iodinated contrast
2. Pregnant or lactating women
3. Patients with previous neck surgery
4. Patients with dialysis dependent renal failure and kidney transplant

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Multicenter cohort; Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy are included in this arm. Patients are included in the University Medical Center Groningen and the Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam. After total thyroidectomy, the perfusion in the parathyroid glands is imaged utilizing ICG-NIRF. Postoperatively; perfusion curves are drawn for each parathyroid gland. Perfusion parameters are compared between patients and correlated to postoperative parathyroid function (PTH).	Drug: Indocyanine Green near infrared fluorescence imaging; ICG-NIRF was performed using the Quest Spectrum Platform 2.0. The camera lens was positioned at a fixed distance of 30 cm to the wound bed, at a perpendicular angle, with the gain set at 22.5 decibels (dB) and an exposure time of 50 milliseconds (ms). ICG was dissolved in sterile water at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL as recommended by the manufacturer (Verdye). 1.5 mg of ICG per liter of circulating blood volume was then administered through manual bolus intravenous injection. Blood volume estimation was based on the patient's height and weight.; Other Names: Multicenter cohort; Drug: Indocyanine Green near infrared fluorescence imaging; ICG-NIRF was performed using the Quest Spectrum Platform 2.0. The camera lens was positioned at a fixed distance of 30 cm to the wound bed, at a perpendicular angle, with the gain set at 22.5 decibels (dB) and an exposure time of 50 milliseconds (ms). ICG was dissolved in sterile water at a concentration of 0.5 or 2.5 mg/mL as recommended by the manufacturer. 1.5 mg of ICG per liter of circulating blood volume was then administered through manual bolus intravenous injection. Blood volume estimation was based on the patients height and weight. Different administration rates (fast: 2s, slow: 15-20s) and a different camera system were tested. Group 1: Quest Platform 2.0; Fast/Slow; 2.5 mg/mL Group 2: Quest Platform 2.0; Slow/Fast; 2.5 mg/mL Group 3: Quest Platform 2.0; Fast/Fast; 2.5 mg/mL Group 4: Stryker Spy-Elite; Fast/Fast; 2.5 mg/mL Group 5: Quest Platform 2.0; Fast/Fast; 0.5 mg/mL; Other Names: Root cause analysis
Experimental: Root cause analysis; Patients undergoing total or hemi-thyroidectomy are included in this arm. Patients are included in the University Medical Center Groningen. After (total/hemi)thyroidectomy, the perfusion in the parathyroid glands is imaged utilizing ICG-NIRF. A second measurement is performed in order to compare the influence of injection speed, camera and ICG dose on the curves. Postoperatively; perfusion curves are drawn for each parathyroid gland. Perfusion parameters are compared between the two measurements in the same patient.	Drug: Indocyanine Green near infrared fluorescence imaging; ICG-NIRF was performed using the Quest Spectrum Platform 2.0. The camera lens was positioned at a fixed distance of 30 cm to the wound bed, at a perpendicular angle, with the gain set at 22.5 decibels (dB) and an exposure time of 50 milliseconds (ms). ICG was dissolved in sterile water at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL as recommended by the manufacturer (Verdye). 1.5 mg of ICG per liter of circulating blood volume was then administered through manual bolus intravenous injection. Blood volume estimation was based on the patient's height and weight.; Other Names: Multicenter cohort; Drug: Indocyanine Green near infrared fluorescence imaging; ICG-NIRF was performed using the Quest Spectrum Platform 2.0. The camera lens was positioned at a fixed distance of 30 cm to the wound bed, at a perpendicular angle, with the gain set at 22.5 decibels (dB) and an exposure time of 50 milliseconds (ms). ICG was dissolved in sterile water at a concentration of 0.5 or 2.5 mg/mL as recommended by the manufacturer. 1.5 mg of ICG per liter of circulating blood volume was then administered through manual bolus intravenous injection. Blood volume estimation was based on the patients height and weight. Different administration rates (fast: 2s, slow: 15-20s) and a different camera system were tested. Group 1: Quest Platform 2.0; Fast/Slow; 2.5 mg/mL Group 2: Quest Platform 2.0; Slow/Fast; 2.5 mg/mL Group 3: Quest Platform 2.0; Fast/Fast; 2.5 mg/mL Group 4: Stryker Spy-Elite; Fast/Fast; 2.5 mg/mL Group 5: Quest Platform 2.0; Fast/Fast; 0.5 mg/mL; Other Names: Root cause analysis

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Injection speed	The impact of injection speed on a parathyroid perfusion curve (slow vs fast)	During surgery
ICG concentration	The impact of ICG concentration on a parathyroid perfusion curve (2.5 mg/mL vs 0.5 mg/mL)	During surgery
Camera system	The impact of a camera system on a parathyroid perfusion curve (Quest vs SpyElite)	During surgery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Multicenter application	The correlation between postoperative hypoparathyroidism and the perfusion curve in two different centers (UMCG/EMC)	From surgery until one day post-surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Medical Center Groningen
• Collaborators: Erasmus Medical Center; Leiden University Medical Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Schelto Kruijff, Professor, UMCG

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Noltes ME, Metman MJH, Jansen L, Peeperkorn EWM, Engelsman AF, Kruijff S. Parathyroid Function Saving Total Thyroidectomy Using Autofluorescence and Quantified Indocyanine Green Angiography. VideoEndocrinology. 2021 Jun 10;8(2):ve.2021.0008. doi: 10.1089/ve.2021.0008. eCollection 2021.
• Noltes ME, Metman MJH, Heeman W, Rotstein L, van Ginhoven TM, Vriens MR, Engelsman AF, Boerma EC, Brouwers AH, van Dam GM, Pasternak JD, Kruijff S. A Novel and Generic Workflow of Indocyanine Green Perfusion Assessment Integrating Standardization and Quantification Toward Clinical Implementation. Ann Surg. 2021 Dec 1;274(6):e659-e663. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004978.

Helpful Links

• Related Info

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 5, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 2, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): May 2, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 21, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 27, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): August 30, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): September 19, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 11, 2024
• Last Verified: August 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Parathyroid Diseases; Hypoparathyroidism
• Other Study ID Numbers: 201900307

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No