The Relationship Between Upper and Lower Extremity Blood Pressure in Thyroid Surgery Patients Under General Anesthesia

March 25, 2026 updated by: Jee Young Lee, Ilsan Cha hospital
The goal of this observational study is to clarify the relationship between upper and lower limb blood pressure in thyroid surgery patients under general anesthesia. The hemodynamic state during anesthesia is different from that during the awake state. Therefore, to assess whether the difference in blood pressure between the upper and lower limbs observed in the awake state is consistent with that observed under general anesthesia, the investigators will compare the inter-limb blood pressure differences before anesthesia induction and during general anesthesia.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Non-invasive blood pressure measurement during surgery is typically conducted on the upper arm, and previous studies about the relationship between intraoperative blood pressure fluctuation and postoperative mortality and morbility have also based on the upper arm measurements. However, in clinical practice, if monitoring blood pressure in the upper arm is not feasible during surgery, the cuff usually be placed on the ankle.

According to a previous study, the systolic blood pressure at the ankle is approximately 17.0 mmHg higher than the systolic blood pressure at the arm in the supine position (95% CI 15.4-21.3 mmHg), while the diastolic blood pressure did not show significant differences in awake state. Since the hemodynamic state of patients under anesthesia differs from that of awake patients, there is insufficient evidence to directly apply the known differences between upper and lower limb blood pressures in awake patients to set target blood pressure ranges during anesthesia. As a result, anesthesiologists often rely on clinical judgment in these situations.

Therefore, this study sets the null hypothesis that 'the differences in blood pressure between the upper and lower limbs before and after anesthesia are the same.' The goal is to determine whether the previously known relationship between upper and lower limb blood pressures in awake patients can be applied to patients under general anesthesia. Additionally, this study aims to investigate the relationship between upper and lower limb blood pressures when the lower limb blood pressure is outside the normal range during general anesthesia.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

170

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • South Korea
    • Gyeonggi-do
      • Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, 10449
        • Ilsan Cha Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients receiving elective thyroid surgery under general anesthesia

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients having elective thyroid surgery under general anesthesia
  • Aged between 20 to 80 years old
  • American Society of Anesthesiologist(ASA) Physical Status Class I or II
  • Individuals who have voluntarily given written consent to participate in this clinical study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with Diabetes Mellitus or Peripheral vascular disease
  • Patients with a history of Heart disease; Myocardial infarction, Heart failure, etc.
  • Patients with Arrhythmia
  • Patients with musculoskeletal abnormalities
  • Patients for whom the placement of a non-invasive blood pressure cuff is contraindicated: inflammatory diseases or wounds causing pain at the cuff site, severe edema, thrombophlebitis, etc.
  • Other cases deemed unsuitable for the study by the researcher: absence of appropriately sized blood pressure cuffs, placement of a pressurized blood pressure cuff expected to affect the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, history of mental illness, etc.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Group T
Thyroid surgery patients under general anesthesia
Device: Non-invasive Blood Pressure Measurement
Non-invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Both Upper and Lower Limbs

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
d_MBP(awake)
Time Frame: Simultaneously measured values in operating room before anesthesia induction
Difference between upper and lower extremities mean blood pressure in awake state
Simultaneously measured values in operating room before anesthesia induction
d_MBP(GA)
Time Frame: Simultaneously measured values during general anesthesia in a stable state without significant stimulation
Difference between upper and lower extremities mean blood pressure during general anesthesia
Simultaneously measured values during general anesthesia in a stable state without significant stimulation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
d_SBP(awake)
Time Frame: Simultaneously measured values in operating room before anesthesia induction
Difference between upper and lower extremities systolic blood pressure in awake state
Simultaneously measured values in operating room before anesthesia induction
d_SBP(GA)
Time Frame: Simultaneously measured values during general anesthesia in a stable state without significant stimulation
Difference between upper and lower extremities systolic blood pressure during general anesthesia
Simultaneously measured values during general anesthesia in a stable state without significant stimulation
d_DBP(awake)
Time Frame: Simultaneously measured values in operating room before anesthesia induction
Difference between upper and lower extremities diastolic blood pressure in awake state
Simultaneously measured values in operating room before anesthesia induction
d_DBP(GA)
Time Frame: Simultaneously measured values during general anesthesia in a stable state without significant stimulation
Difference between upper and lower extremities diastolic blood pressure during general anesthesia
Simultaneously measured values during general anesthesia in a stable state without significant stimulation

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Ilsan Cha hospital

Collaborators

Ministry of Health, Republic of Korea

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: JOOHYUN LEE, Department of Anesthesia and Pain medicine, Ilsan Cha hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 15, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 6, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 6, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

September 19, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 30, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 25, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ICICC-OS-24-02

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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