Home Visitation Enhancing Linkages Project in Kansas (HELP)

Digital Screening and Brief Intervention for Perinatal Substance Use in Home Visiting

The goal of this study is to learn about whether digital screening and brief intervention can help address substance use in postpartum mothers who are enrolled in home visiting programs. The main questions it aims to answer are:

1. What combination of digital intervention components work best for postpartum mothers in home visiting programs?
2. What are the factors that help the intervention work best in home visiting, and what factors serve as barriers to the success of the intervention? Participants in the study will include home visiting staff and postpartum home visiting clients.

Participants who are home visitors will be asked to participate in focus groups and interviews, introduce the study to their clients and refer interested clients to the study, complete online surveys, and implement the home visitor components of the intervention with their clients who enroll in the study.

Participants who are home visiting clients will be asked to participate in focus groups and interviews, complete online surveys, and complete the digital screening and brief intervention sessions.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Substance Use
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: e-SBI main session; Behavioral: e-SBI Booster Session; Behavioral: Text messaging

Detailed Description

The postpartum period is a time of significant risk for substance use (SU), as more than half of women who reduce their SU during pregnancy return to pre-pregnancy levels within 3 months postpartum, due to hormonal changes, the stress of caring for a newborn, sleep deprivation, and social isolation. Postpartum SU may increase risk for child maltreatment, which can have devastating impacts on brain development, leading to long-term impairment. Effective treatments for SU exist, but are often not accessed by postpartum mothers due to stigma and fear of child removal. Brief interventions delivered during the early postpartum period may prevent postpartum escalation of SU, but often do not reach those at highest risk, and when they do, effects are short-lived. There is a critical need to determine the most effective approaches for reaching high-risk new mothers to provide evidence-based interventions to prevent postpartum SU.

Home visiting (HV), a strategy for delivering voluntary preventive services aimed at optimizing parent and child outcomes across the life course, is the primary supportive intervention offered to at-risk families during the perinatal period in the United States. As HV is often one of the only service touchpoints for vulnerable families during the postpartum period, it is a promising venue for reaching new mothers to prevent risks associated with SU. However, the most widely used HV models do not have standardized protocols for identifying and addressing SU risk, beyond making referrals to community based services, which leaves many mothers with unaddressed SU concerns that put themselves and their babies at risk. The investigative team has been working to fill this significant gap in services since 2013, and this study represents the next phase of this work, ultimately aimed at providing the HV field with a feasible and effective tool for managing perinatal SU and reducing associated risks to families.

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT), originally designed to reduce gaps in the service continuum from primary care to SU treatment, has been widely recommended as a public health model for addressing SU. This approach may be a good fit for the HV context given its non-judgmental nature, the prevalence of low-to-moderate risk among HV clients, and the small proportion of HV clients who are actively seeking SU treatment. Two key challenges preclude the successful integration of traditional SBIRT procedures into HV. First, HV clients are often reluctant to disclose SU to professionals, including HVrs, due to shame, stigma, denial, and fear of child removal. Second, most HVrs are lay professionals, who lack the advanced clinical training and skills needed to effectively deliver evidence-based brief interventions (BI).

Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI) that is delivered digitally via computer or smartphone has great potential to overcome both of these challenges, as it does not require clients to directly disclose SU to a provider or providers to deliver evidence-based BIs. Digital SBI has been proven accessible and highly acceptable in postpartum mothers when delivered in healthcare settings, but shows small and inconsistent effects. The BI literature suggests that extended intervention contacts may bolster BI effects. Additional digital BI sessions and automated text messages are potential methods of extending BI impacts, and both have demonstrated acceptability in postpartum mothers. In a prior study, the investigative team developed an innovative digital SBI model that was tailored to the HV context (SBI-HV) that included an electronic SBI (e-SBI) that clients completed on their smartphones in between home visits, and a home visitor facilitation component to promote integration of the e-SBI into routine HV. The e-SBI applied motivational interviewing (MI) principles and the Feedback, Responsibility, Advice, Menu Options, Empathy, and Self-Efficacy BI framework. Confidentiality and preserving clients' choice regarding disclosing SU to their home visitor is core to SBI-HV. A small pilot study supported initial feasibility and acceptability of SBI-HV. Building on the prior R34, the proposed study aims to further optimize the SBI-HV by applying a factorial design to compare preliminary impacts of three SBI-HV delivery strategies: a single e-SBI session (main e-SBI), the main e-SBI session plus a booster session (booster e-SBI), and 4 weeks of tailored text messaging following e-SBI (text messaging). Additionally, this study will systematically assess implementation facilitators and barriers to inform development of targeted implementation strategies to support sustainable integration of SBI-HV into routine HV.

The proposed R34 will use a Type 1 hybrid implementation-effectiveness design with a pilot 3X2 factorial trial and apply the RE-AIM and PRISM implementation frameworks to achieve the following specific aims:

1. Test the impact of 3 SBI-HV delivery strategies (main e-SBI; main e-SBI + booster e-SBI; and text messaging) on postpartum SU, maternal self-efficacy, motivation to avoid SU, and HV retention.
2. Evaluate feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and facilitators and barriers to the 3 SBI-HV delivery strategies.
3. Develop tailored implementation strategies to support SBI-HV integration into routine HV.

The investigative team will partner with the Kansas Healthy Families (HF) multi-site HV system to complete study aims in 3 phases. All phases will be guided by the RE-AIM and PRISM implementation frameworks.

Phase 1: Pre-Implementation (Months 1-6): This phase will include a mixed-methods assessment of PRISM domains to inform SBI-HV implementation. Participants will include 36 home visitors, 36 clients, 12 supervisors, and 12 administrative staff representing all 12 Kansas HF programs. During this phase, program capacity and readiness to implement SBI-HV will be assessed with the following goals: (a) select implementation program sites; (b) promote buy-in from key program staff; and (c) inform local adaptations to the SBI-HV.

Phase 2: Implementation (Months 7-25): This phase will include a pilot 3X2 factorial trial with 120 clients and 20 home visitors at 5 sites to obtain proof-of-concept data on the individual and combined impacts of the SBI-HV delivery strategies (main e-SBI, main e-SBI + booster, and text messaging) on SU, motivation, self-efficacy, and HV retention, as well as quantitative data on the RE-AIM domains.

Phase 3: Post-Implementation (Months 26-36): This phase will include qualitative interviews with home visitors, clients, supervisors, and administrative staff who participated in the factorial trial to systematically assess implementation facilitators and barriers using the RE-AIM and PRISM frameworks. This phase will also include an iterative stakeholder-engaged process of developing candidate implementation strategies for testing in a future study.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 120
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Sarah Dauber, PhD; Phone Number: 212-841-5270; Email: sdauber@toendaddiction.org

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• English-speaking
• Age 18 years old or older
• Gave birth to a baby within the prior year
• Enrolled in a Healthy Families Kansas program with a participating home visitor
• Not currently enrolled in substance use treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Does not speak English
• Under age 18 years
• Did not give birth to a baby within the prior year
• Not enrolled in a Healthy Families Kansas program with a participating home visitor
• Currently enrolled in substance use treatment

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: No intervention Routine HV Only; Routine home visiting only
Experimental: e-SBI main session	Behavioral: e-SBI main session; Single 20-minute e-SBI session that includes screening followed by brief motivational intervention.
Experimental: e-SBI main session + booster; e-SBI main session and e-SBI booster session	Behavioral: e-SBI main session; Single 20-minute e-SBI session that includes screening followed by brief motivational intervention.; Behavioral: e-SBI Booster Session; A 20-minute booster e-SBI session that reinforces content from the main e-SBI session.
Experimental: Text messaging only; text messaging	Behavioral: Text messaging; 4 weeks of daily automated text messages that reinforce content from the e-SBI main session.
Experimental: e-SBI main session + text messaging; e-SBI main session Text messaging	Behavioral: e-SBI main session; Single 20-minute e-SBI session that includes screening followed by brief motivational intervention.; Behavioral: Text messaging; 4 weeks of daily automated text messages that reinforce content from the e-SBI main session.
Experimental: e-SBI main + e-SBI booster + text messaging; e-SBI main session e-SBI booster session text messaging	Behavioral: e-SBI main session; Single 20-minute e-SBI session that includes screening followed by brief motivational intervention.; Behavioral: e-SBI Booster Session; A 20-minute booster e-SBI session that reinforces content from the main e-SBI session.; Behavioral: Text messaging; 4 weeks of daily automated text messages that reinforce content from the e-SBI main session.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Substance use	Quantity and frequency of substance use, measured by the Timeline Follow Back Method. Higher scores indicate more substance use.	Assessed at 3-month follow-up and 6-month follow-up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Home visiting retention	Length of time enrolled in the home visiting program in months.	Assessed at 6-month follow-up
Motivation to avoid substance use	How motivated are you to avoid substance use until your baby is one year old, on a scale of 1 to 10. This Maternal Motivation Scale was developed by Ondersma and has been widely used in studies of brief digital interventions for perinatal substance use. Higher scores indicate greater motivation to avoid substance use.	Assessed at 3-month follow-up and 6-month follow-up
Maternal self-efficacy	Confidence in your ability to care for your baby, assessed via the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale. Higher scores indicate greater maternal self-efficacy.	Assessed at 3-month and 6-month follow-up

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University
• Collaborators: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): June 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): March 31, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): March 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 1, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 1, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): October 3, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 18, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 16, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: HELP 3.0 Kansas; R34DA061238 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No