The Effect of Classical Music on Dental Students' Stress and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic

January 20, 2025 updated by: Sevilay Yeğinoğlu, Karabuk University

The Effect of Performing Clinical Practice with Classical Music on Dental Students' Stress and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The students adapted to the environment for the first 2 days, were informed about the study, and their informed consent was obtained. Participants were asked to answer all questions and to give a single answer to each question. The students filled in the questionnaire form used in the study without any intervention by the researcher. Participants filled out the same survey four times at different times following a specific protocol.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The study was conducted with a specific protocol. First, they were asked to complete a questionnaire including socio-demographic data, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) before patient admission (T1). The students were asked to complete the same questionnaire at the end of the day after working for 2 days (T2) and in the morning on the 5th day of their study before seeing patients (T3). Each of the students participating in the study was given disposable headphones every day during the week of music listening. In this study, Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata (1 hour 2 minutes) Mozart's Serenata Notturna KV239 (12.50 minutes) and Pachelbel's Canon in D major (6.16 minutes)were used. It was shared with the students via WhatsApp and they were allowed to listen to this music on their phones for 1 week (2 hours on average) during the study period. The same questionnaire was refilled at the end of the week in which music was played (T4).

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

46

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Ankara, Turkey, 06560
        • AnkaraUniversity
      • Karabük, Turkey, 78100
        • Karabuk University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 20 years and over,
  • Systemically healthy and drug-free,
  • Students who were obliged to practice in the clinic of the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, within the scope of the education program

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Systemic diseases
  • Medication use

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Participants
they were asked to complete a questionnaire including socio-demographic data, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) before patient admission (T1). The students were asked to complete the same questionnaire at the end of the day after working for 2 days (T2) and in the morning on the 5th day of their study before seeing patients (T3). Each of the students participating in the study was given disposable headphones every day during the week of music listening. In this study, Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata (1 hour 2 minutes), Mozart's Serenata Notturna KV239 (12.50 minutes) and Pachelbel's Canon in D major (6.16 minutes) were used. It was shared with the students via WhatsApp and they were allowed to listen to this music on their phones for 1 week (2 hours on average) during the study period. The same questionnaire was refilled at the end of the week in which music was played (T4).
Other: Questionnaire
to complete a questionnaire including socio-demographic data, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) before patient admission (T1). The students were asked to complete the same questionnaire at the end of the day after working for 2 days (T2) and in the morning on the 5th day of their study before seeing patients (T3).The same questionnaire was refilled at the end of the week in which music was played (T4).
Other: listening to music
Each of the students participating in the study was given disposable headphones every day during the week of music listening. In this study, Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata (1 hour 2 minutes)23,55, Mozart's Serenata Notturna KV239 (12.50 minutes)18,19, and Pachelbel's Canon in D major (6.16 minutes)24,25 were used. It was shared with the students via WhatsApp and they were allowed to listen to this music on their phones for 1 week (2 hours on average) during the study period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participants' initial stress and anxiety levels
Time Frame: up to 2 days
In the period after the transition from remote learning to face-to-face education during the pandemic, it was determined that final-year dental students engaged in clinical practice experienced moderate levels of perceived stress and low levels of coronavirus anxiety.
up to 2 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participants' stress and anxiety levels after listening to music
Time Frame: up to 2 weeks
In this situation, the music played to the students was effective, as declines were observed in survey scores. However, relaxation and breathing exercises could also be recommended to dental students, who experience a stressful education process even outside of the pandemic. Psychological support and counseling could be provided when necessary.
up to 2 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Karabuk University

Collaborators

Ankara University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

November 1, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 17, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

December 24, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 16, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 20, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 20, 2025

Last Verified

January 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • No.17/03, dated 17.11.2021

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

We can share statistical data in excel file upon request.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Start date: Jan 2025 End date: Jan 2030

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Data sharing can be done when they contact the corresponding author.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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