The Effect of E-Booklet Traınıng on Self-Effıcacy and Comfort Level in Patıents Wıth Urınary Catheter

The Effect of E-Booklet Traınıng Created Wıthın the Scope of Comfort Theory on Self-Effıcacy and Comfort Levels in Patıents Wıth Urınary Catheter: a Randomızed Controlled Study

Urinary catheterization is the insertion of a tube through the urethra into the bladder to empty or flush the bladder. Catheterization is preferred in patients with urinary retention and urinary incontinence, in patients who will undergo surgical intervention or in cases where a procedure needs to be performed in the urinary tract, and is applied for short (1-7 days), medium (7-28 days) and long term (longer than 28 days) (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2023). Urinary catheterization is frequently preferred in applications related to treatment and care. According to the CAUTI report, the frequency of urinary catheterization in hospitalized patients in one year is between 15-25% in the world. This rate is between 10-15% in developed countries and 20-30% in developing countries (CAUTI, 2015).

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Urinary Catheter
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: e-book

Detailed Description

Urinary catheterization is generally preferred for short-term care and treatment (Clarke et al., 2020; Cutinho et al., 2018). Urinary catheterization is critical in routine health care and can cause many complications such as urinary tract infection, epididymitis, catheter obstruction, trauma, pain, bladder spasm, and hematuria if not used appropriately.Darbyshire et al. (2016) found that 32% of patients experienced leakage, 26% experienced pain, 26% experienced discomfort and 24% experienced obstruction.In fact, it is estimated that 450,000 people in the UK undergo short-term urinary catheterization and complications related to urinary catheter use cause 2100 deaths annually (Feneley et al., 2015).

Although urinary tract infection due to catheterization is common, patients' failure to perform appropriate behaviors and practices related to catheterization causes the infection to progress and the treatment process to be prolonged.Urinary tract infections account for approximately 20% of healthcare-acquired infections in acute care facilities and more than 50% in long-term care facilities (Zegeye et al., 2023). In the United States, urinary tract infections account for 32% of all hospital-acquired infections and are the most common type of hospital-acquired infection, with approximately 449,000 cases of urinary tract infections and an estimated cost of $450 million per year (Abiodun, 2018). In cases where they are not inserted under appropriate conditions, care is not provided effectively and treatment protocols are not followed, they pave the way for the development of resistant microorganisms. Accordingly, urinary tract infection, which requires a long treatment process in patients, causes many negative consequences, including prolonged hospital stay, increased in-hospital mortality and increased health care costs (Anderson et al., 2021; Cutinho et al., 2018; Snyder et al., 2023).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Şeyda KAZANÇ, Asst. Prof.; Phone Number: 05377782297; Email: orhanseyda@hotmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Hülya Koçyiğit KAVAK, Asst. Dr.; Phone Number: 05377782297; Email: kcygthulya@outlook.com

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Tokat
    • Tokat/Merkez, Tokat, Turkey, 6050
      • Recruiting
      • Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
      • Contact: Şeyda

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients who can actively use information technologies such as phones and tablets

• Inpatients in the Urology Clinic
• Conscious and oriented patients
• Patients aged 18-75 years
• Patients with short-term catheterization
• Patients without hearing and communication disabilities
• Literate patients

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who incompletely completed the data collection tool
• Patients with hearing, vision and comprehension problems,

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control Group; Patients in the control group will not be given any content and their routine care and education will continue. Patients in the control group will be asked to complete the Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale and Comfort Scale at the 6th and 24 th hours following urinary catheter insertion.
Active Comparator: intervention group; Patients in the intervention group will be informed about the urinary catheter by the researcher after catheter insertion, and the link to the e-booklet will be given and the patients will be asked to review it. Patients will be asked to fill out the Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale and Comfort Scale at the 6th and 24th hour following urinary catheter insertion. After the completion of the study, the link to the e-booklet will be given to the patients in the control group to maintain the principle of equality. The research data will be collected by the researcher between 30.09.2024 and 30.10.2025 via Google survey.	Behavioral: e-book; Patients with pilot application will not be included in the study. Patients who agree to participate in the study will be informed by the researcher about the purpose and process of the study, and their written and verbal informed consent will be obtained. Patients will be informed that the decision on whether or not to participate in the study is entirely their own, that no money will be deducted from their health insurance or any money will be paid to them, that the data to be collected from this study will only be used within the scope of the research, and that confidentiality will be strictly ensured. Pretests (Personal Information Form, Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale and Comfort Scale) will be administered to the patients whose consent is obtained.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
First Follow-up (Personal Information Form, Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale and Comfort Scale	Pretest (Descriptive statistics will be shown with frequencies and percentages, and the distribution of variables according to scale scores will be shown with median (minimum-maximum) values.	after catheterization ( First 1 hour)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Second Follow-up (Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale and Comfort Scale)	Second Follow-up . The conformity of the data to normal distribution will be evaluated by Kolmogrov Smirnow test and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, which are non-parametric tests, will be used to compare variables that do not conform to normal distribution. Normally distributed data will be evaluated with t test and Anova test. In order to determine the differences in variables with more than two groups, the Dunn-Bonferroni test from Post-Hoc tests will be used. The relationship between self-efficacy and comfort level will be determined by Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Significance level p<0.05 will be taken in the tests.	6 hours
Third Follow-up(Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale and Comfort Scale)	Third Follow-up . The conformity of the data to normal distribution will be evaluated by Kolmogrov Smirnow test and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, which are non-parametric tests, will be used to compare variables that do not conform to normal distribution. Normally distributed data will be evaluated with t test and Anova test. In order to determine the differences in variables with more than two groups, the Dunn-Bonferroni test from Post-Hoc tests will be used. The relationship between self-efficacy and comfort level will be determined by Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Significance level p<0.05 will be taken in the tests.	24 Hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Cumhuriyet University
• Collaborators: TOGÜ
• Investigators: Study Chair: Hülya Koçyiğit KAVAK, Cumhuriyet University; Principal Investigator: Şerife Karagözoğlu, Prof. Dr., Cumhuriyet University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 15, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 15, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 19, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 11, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 11, 2025
• Last Verified: September 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: comfort; urinary cathether; self-efficiaty
• Other Study ID Numbers: TOGÜ; Hülya KOÇYİĞİT KAVAK (Other Identifier: cUMHURİYETU)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No