Investigating the Effect of Respiratory Exercise Diary on Pain in Cardiovascular Surgery

The Effect of Respiratory Exercise Diary Use on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of respiratory exercise diary use on postoperative pain in patients undergoing elective cardiovascular surgery in a training and research hospital in Istanbul.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Surgery
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Exercise diary

Detailed Description

The randomised controlled experimental study was conducted between 11 July 2024 and 11 January 2025 in the cardiovascular surgery inpatient wards of a training and research hospital in Istanbul. The study was conducted with a total of 74 patients, 37 in the control group and 37 in the intervention group. Data were collected by the researcher through face-to-face interviews with the patients. 'Patient Identification Form', "Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)", "Respiratory Exercise Diary" were used.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 74
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Maltepe
    • İstanbul, Maltepe, Turkey, 34854
      • Marmara Univesity

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• No barriers to verbal communication (mental, physiological and psychological)
• Patients undergoing elective cardiovascular surgery,
• Individuals who agreed to participate in the study,
• Patients whose haemodynamics are suitable for respiratory exercise

Exclusion Criteria:

• Being in the intensive care unit after surgical intervention,
• Patients undergoing re-operation after surgical intervention,
• Those who do not accept the study or who want to leave during the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Group using a respiratory exercise diary (intervention group); All of the patients included in the group were asked to fill in the 'Patient Identification Form' and pain assessment was performed with 'Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)'. Information was given about respiratory exercises and spirometry, which is routinely used in the postoperative period in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in the hospital where the study was conducted. Respiratory Exercise Diary was introduced to this group and its use was demonstrated practically. They were asked to record the exercises performed in this diary. Pain assessment was performed with Visual Analogue Scale for the first 3 days after surgery. On the 1st postoperative day, this group was informed again about respiratory exercises, spirometer and its daily use, and the first exercises and records were made together with the researcher. They were asked to continue the exercises and recordings themselves for the first 3 days.	Other: Exercise diary; The respiratory exercise diary was prepared by reviewing the literature in order to record the time, number and frequency of respiratory exercises performed by patients with the use of a spirometer. On the first page of the diary consisting of two pages; the patient's name and surname, date of surgery, date of birth, how and how often to use the spirometer, and a pictorial information note to remind the position to be taken were included, while on the second page; the chart in which the patients would write the number of exercises they performed with the spirometer during the first three postoperative days opposite the relevant hour was included.; Other Names: Respiratory exercise diary
No Intervention: Group not using a respiratory exercise diary (control group); 'Patient Identification Form' was filled out for all patients and pain assessment was performed with 'Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)'. Information was given about respiratory exercises and spirometry, which is routinely used in the postoperative period in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in the hospital where the study was conducted. This group was asked to note the exercises on a piece of paper. Pain assessment was performed with Visual Analogue Scale in the first 3 days postoperatively. On the 1st postoperative day, the information about breathing exercises and recording procedures was repeated and the practices continued in the routine functioning of the clinic.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Visual analogue scale (VAS)	VAS is a very common scale used for pain assessment in daily practice and in this assessment, pain averages ranging from 0 to 10 are given on a 10 cm straight line in a horizontal or vertical plane. In the scale used to determine the pain intensity of patients, pain is graded between 0 (no pain) and 10 (unbearable pain). Accordingly, while '0' indicates no pain, an average VAS value of less than 3 indicates mild pain, 3-6 indicates mild-moderate pain, and greater than 6 indicates moderate-severe pain. VAS is an accepted scale in the world literature that visually describes pain intensity, provides ease of use and consists of a single question.	four days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Marmara University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Melisa KÖSE TUNÇ, Student, Marmara University; Principal Investigator: Hamdiye B. KATRAN, Asst. Prof., Marmara University; Principal Investigator: Mehmet E. MEMETOĞLU, Assoc. Prof., Dr. Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital Department of Cardiovascular Surgery

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 11, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 11, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): January 21, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 16, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 16, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 1, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 26, 2025
• Last Verified: March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: pain; postoperative pain; nursing care; postoperative period; Cardiovascular surgery; respiratory exercise; spirometer; exercise diary
• Other Study ID Numbers: MARU-SBF-MKT-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No