Effects of Otago and Frenkel's Exercises on Strengthening of Antigravity Muscles in Parkinson's Disease.

Using both Otago and Frenkel's exercises offers complementary benefits building muscle strength and refining coordination in anti-gravity muscles making daily activities safer and more fluid for people with Parkinson's.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Parkinson
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Otago exercises; Behavioral: Frenkels exercise

Detailed Description

Combining Otago and Frenkel's exercises can slow functional decline, reduce falls, and improve quality of life for Parkinson's patients. These programs empower patients and families by promoting active participation in care rather than relying only on medications. Early introduction, guided by physiotherapists, gives the best outcomes helping patients stay mobile, confident, and independent for longer.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 40
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Pakistan
  • Punjab Province
    • Gujranwala, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 50250
      • University of Lahore

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patient diagnosed with parkinsons disease using the Hoehn and Yahr scale
2. Patient age 55-75.
3. Both male and female.
4. Able to walk independently.
5. Willing and ability to provide information consent to participate in study. -

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of other neurological condition(stroke, multiple sclerosis).
2. severe cardiovascular disease.
3. major psychiatric disorder.
4. currently participating in other study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Otago Exercise Program; 20 Participants in this arm will undergo a combined exercise program consisting of the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) and conventional Physiotherapy. The intervention is designed to strengthen antigravity muscles (hip, knee, and trunk extensors), improve balance, coordination, and functional mobility, and reduce fall risk in patients with Parkinson's disease.	Behavioral: Otago exercises; After collecting the patient's data appropriate modalities will be applied to initiate the treatment session. This includes the use of an Electric Heating pad on the lower limb for 10 mints. Gentle walking will be performed for 1 mints along with arm swing (10 repetitions) and neck stretching focusing on upper trapezius muscle (3 repetition).After that the12 steps of Otago exercise will be performed with 10 repetition.Total session time is 40 mints.
Experimental: Frenkel's Exercise Program; 20 Participants in this arm will under go Frenkel's Exercises program and conventional physiotherapy. This intervention help Parkinsons patient by improving coordination, balance and enhance motor learning and confidence	Behavioral: Frenkels exercise; After collecting the patient's data sessions will be delivered 3 times per week lasting for 40 mints only and than appropriate modalities will be applied to initiate the treatment session. This includes the use of an Electric Heating pad on the lower limb for 10 mints. Gentle walking will be performed for 1 mints along with arm swing (10 repetitions) and neck stretching focusing on upper trapezius muscle (3 repetition).After that the steps of Frenkels exercise program will be performed on patients with 10 repetition.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Antigravity muscle strenght (Manual Muscle strength).	Strength of major antigravity muscle including Hip muscles, Knee muscles and ankle muscles. strength evaluated by using Manual Muscle Testing based on oxford Grading Scale (0-5). . Grade 0 ( No contraction).; Grade 1 (trace): slightly contraction detected but no movement occur at joint.; Grade 2 (poor): Full range of motion in a gravity eliminated position.; Grade 3(Fair): Full range of motion against gravity.; Grade4 (Good): Full range of motion against gravity moderate resistance.; Grade5 (Normal) Full Range of motion against gravity and maximum resistance. Participants tested in standardized position for each group. unit of measurement : MMT grade (0-5)	Baseline before treatment (week 0) post -interventiom (week 4 )
Balance and reduction in fall risk.	Balance assessed through the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Berg Balance Scale items: 14 Tasks (sit to stand, standing, stepping, unsupported, reaching, turning) total score (0-56) scoring:0-4 for each task Maximum score=56 41-56=low Fall risk 21-40=Medium Fall risk 0-20=High Fall risk	baseline Before treatment (0 Week) post- intervention ( 4 week )

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Lahore

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 18, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 18, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): August 18, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 26, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 29, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): December 11, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 11, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 29, 2025
• Last Verified: August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Otago,Frenkel's exercises,Parkinson's
• Other Study ID Numbers: UOL/IREB/25/09/0051; UOL (UOL/IREB/25/09/0051)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No