Enhancing Stability and Jumping Skills Through Combined Static and Dynamic Balance Training in Female Chinese University-Level Gymnastics Beginners

This study aims to investigate the effects of different balance training programs (dynamic, static, combined dynamic and static) on the stability, jumping skills, and gymnastic movement skills of female university students who are beginners in gymnastics. Participants will be randomly divided into four groups: the first group will receive dynamic balance training (including exercises that maintain balance during movement); the second group will receive static balance training (including exercises that hold a fixed posture); the third group will receive combined dynamic and static balance training (including both static and dynamic balance exercises); and the fourth group will serve as a control group without additional balance training (or receive regular physical education classes as a control). The main outcomes to be measured before and after the training period are the participants' performance in specific stability tests, jumping tasks, and gymnastic movement skill assessments. The goal is to determine which balance training method (dynamic, static, or combined training) is most effective in improving the fundamental movement skills (including gymnastics-specific abilities) of gymnastics beginners.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Stability; Jumping Performance; Balance Training; Gymnastics Injury, Motor Learning, Balance
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: balance group

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Beijing, China
    • Beijing Sport University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Females
2. Age ranged between 18 -22 years old, normal body mass index (BMI) (18.5 -25kg/m²).
3. Undergraduate students of physical education at Beijing Sport University.
4. No prior systematic gymnastics training (or with ≤ 1 year of systematic training experience), and no history of congenital diseases or musculoskeletal injuries.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Participants suffering from acute or chronic musculoskeletal injuries (lasting for 6 months or more), neurological disorders (such as epilepsy), or vestibular dysfunction.
2. Ranked athletes or elite athletes.
3. Participants with poor compliance (< 80%) who are unable to complete the 8 - week exercise intervention program.
4. Individuals who have recently undergone or are scheduled to undergo surgery within three months.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control group	Behavioral: balance group; An 8-week supervised training program conducted 2 times per week. Each 15-30 minute session comprises a combination of static balance exercises , dynamic balance exercises and Combining training. The intensity and difficulty of the exercises will be progressively increased throughout the intervention period.
Experimental: Static balance group	Behavioral: balance group; An 8-week supervised training program conducted 2 times per week. Each 15-30 minute session comprises a combination of static balance exercises , dynamic balance exercises and Combining training. The intensity and difficulty of the exercises will be progressively increased throughout the intervention period.
Experimental: Dynamic balance group	Behavioral: balance group; An 8-week supervised training program conducted 2 times per week. Each 15-30 minute session comprises a combination of static balance exercises , dynamic balance exercises and Combining training. The intensity and difficulty of the exercises will be progressively increased throughout the intervention period.
Experimental: Static and Dynamic balance group	Behavioral: balance group; An 8-week supervised training program conducted 2 times per week. Each 15-30 minute session comprises a combination of static balance exercises , dynamic balance exercises and Combining training. The intensity and difficulty of the exercises will be progressively increased throughout the intervention period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
The 8-point Star Offset (cm)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Jump Height (cm)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Peak Force (N)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Rate of Force Development (N·S)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Impulse (N·s)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Center of gravity deviation distance (mm)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Joint Angle variation (°)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Vertical Jump Efficiency (%)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Landing Impact Force (N)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Body Oscillation Amplitude (mm)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Rotation Smoothness Index (°)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Height (cm)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
Weight (kg)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)
BMI (kg/m2)	Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 8 weeks (immediately post-intervention)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yi Wang

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Related Info

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 6, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 20, 2026
• Study Completion (Actual): January 20, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 15, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 3, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): December 17, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 3, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 1, 2026
• Last Verified: February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: USM/JEPeM/KK/25070591

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No