Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Compared With Intermittent Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin.

Effectiveness of Using Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Compared With Intermittent Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin.

The objective is to compare the efficacy of TR-CGM versus isCGM in patients diagnosed with T2D who are treated with insulin and use CGM, as defined by time in range between 70 and 180 mg/dL.

An open-label clinical trial will be conducted. Patients with T2D who use intermittent glucose monitoring and insulin with poor metabolic control will be included. They will be randomized to continue with isCGM or RT-CGM.

The primary outcome: %TIR 70-180 mg/dL.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: real time Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Detailed Description

All patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who meet the inclusion criteria will be identified (see inclusion and exclusion criteria). They will then be invited to participate in the study and asked to sign an informed consent form. Demographic data, baseline clinical characteristics, and clinical tests related to metabolic control will be collected.

Visit 0 (V0): Informed consent signature and basal CGM system installation will be verified.

Visit 1 (V1): CGM data will be downloaded. All enrolled patients will receive the same instructions for device use and management of high and low glucose levels, according to standard clinical procedures. Then, randomization will be performed by someone who is blinded to the clinical characteristics of each patient and is not part of the research group. The allocation given by this mechanism cannot be changed by the treating physicians.

• Usual care + TR-CGM group: Patients in this group will receive a continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CIGM) sensor via the FreeStyle Libre 2 Plus device and LibreLink app® (Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc., Alameda, CA). High alarms greater than 250 mg/dL and low glucose alerts less than 70 mg/dL will be programmed. All participants will be instructed to change their sensor according to the manufacturer's recommendations: every 15 days for the TR-CGM group.
• Usual care + CIGM group: Patients in this group will receive a CIGM sensor using the FreeStyle Libre 2 device (Abbott Diabetes Care Inc., Alameda, CA, USA). High alarms >250 mg/dL and low glucose alerts <70 mg/dL will be programmed. Additionally, they will be instructed to perform at least eight scans daily to avoid data loss. All participants were instructed to change their sensors according to the manufacturer's recommendations: every 15 days for isCGM.

Standard Care (Applies to Both Groups):

All patients should be assessed by the diabetes clinic's nutrition service, which will provide basic dietary and physical activity recommendations.

All patients will be instructed in basal and/or prandial insulin titration, as appropriate.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 108
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Diana C Henao, Endocrinologyst; Phone Number: 2817 +57 601 5946161; Email: dchenao@husi.org.cp
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Adriana L Gonzáles, Nutricionist; Phone Number: 2817 +57 601 5946161; Email: algomez@husi.org.co

Study Locations

• Colombia
  • Bogotá, Colombia, 111121
    • Hospital Universitario San Ignacio
    • Contact: Diana C Henao-Carrillo, Endocrinologyst; Phone Number: 2817 +57 601 5946161; Email: dchenao@husi.org.co
    • Contact: Adriana G Gómez-Velasquez, Nutricionist; Phone Number: 2817 +57 601 5946161; Email: algomez@husi.org.co
    • Principal Investigator: Diana C Henao-Carrillo, Endocrinologyst

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Minimum age of 35 years.
• HbA1c >7.0%
• Treatment with one or more insulin injections.
• Stable medication regimen for the 3 months prior to study entry.
• Insulin treatment for ≥3 months with a stable dose prior to entry, with fasting blood glucose between 70 and 130 mg/dL.
• Availability of an NFC-enabled smartphone.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy or planning to become pregnant during the study period.
• History of bariatric surgery within the year prior to study entry or plans to undergo bariatric surgery during the study.
• Having a condition that would likely require an MRI during the study period.
• Use of medications containing high doses of ascorbic acid (>2000 mg/day), as it may falsely increase sensor readings.
• Concomitant illness or condition that may compromise patient safety, including, but not limited to, serious mental illness, a diagnosed or suspected eating disorder, or any long-term medical/unmanageable disorder.
• GFR less than 30 ml/min.
• Psychiatric condition that interferes with study-related tasks.
• Known (or suspected) significant allergy to medical-grade adhesives.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: isCGM; Usual Care + isCGM Group: Patients in this group will have the FreeStyle Libre 2 continuous interstitial glucose monitoring sensor (Abbott Diabetes Care Inc., Alameda, CA, USA) inserted. High glucose alarms (>250 mg/dL) and low glucose alerts (<70 mg/dL) will be programmed. They will also be instructed to perform at least eight scans daily to avoid data loss. All participants were instructed to replace their sensors according to the manufacturer's recommendations: every 15 days for isCGM.
Experimental: RT-CGM; • Usual care + TR-CGM group: Patients in this group will undergo insertion of a continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor using the FreeStyle Libre 2 Plus device and LibreLink app® (Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc., Alameda, CA, USA). The sensor will be programmed with high glucose alarms (>250 mg/dL) and low glucose alerts (<70 mg/dL). All participants will be instructed to replace their sensor according to the manufacturer's recommendations: every 15 days for TR-CGM.	Device: real time Continuous Glucose Monitoring; • Usual care + TR-CGM group: Patients in this group will undergo insertion of a continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor using the FreeStyle Libre 2 Plus device and LibreLink app® (Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc., Alameda, CA, USA). The sensor will be programmed with high glucose alarms (>250 mg/dL) and low glucose alerts (<70 mg/dL). All participants will be instructed to replace their sensor according to the manufacturer's recommendations: every 15 days for TR-CGM.; Other Names: RT-CGM

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Time in Range	To compare the efficacy defined as time in range between 70 - 180 mg/dl of the TR-CGM compared to isCGM in patients diagnosed with T2DM treated with insulin who use CGM as part of usual clinical practice in follow-up at the endocrinology unit of the San Ignacio University Hospital.	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion of patients with a ≥5% increase in TIR	Compare the proportion of patients with a ≥5% increase in TIR 70-180 mg/dl compared to the initial value.	12 weeks
TAR	To compare percentage of time in hyperglycemia range >180 and >250 mg/dl	12 weeks
TBR <70 mg/dl	To compare the proportion of patients with a %TBR <70 mg/dL to less than 4%	12 weeks
TBR <54 mg/dl	To compare the proportion of patients with a %TBR <54 mg/dL to less than 1%	12 weeks
Severe hypoglycemia	To compare the incidence of severe hypoglycemia, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits.	12 weeks
Satisfaction with the device	To compare satisfaction with the device using the "Questionnaire on experience with glucose monitoring (C-EMC)" at the end of the follow-up.	12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hospital Universitario San Ignacio
• Collaborators: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Diana C Henao-Carrillo, Endocrinologyst, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): January 31, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): May 31, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2028

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 20, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 27, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): December 30, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 30, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 27, 2025
• Last Verified: December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Continuous Glucose Monitoring; Type 2 Diabetes; Time in Range
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Other Study ID Numbers: FM-CIE-1013-24

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes