The Effect of the Flipped Learning Model on Spiritual Care Perception and Competence in Nursing Students

The Effect of the Flipped Learning Model on Nursing Students' Perception of Spiritual Care and Competence This study was designed as a randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of the flipped learning model on nursing students' perception of spiritual care and their competence in spiritual care.

The study will be conducted between 08.12.2025 and 09.02.2026 on 112 fourth-year nursing students. Students meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomised and divided into two random groups: the experimental group (n=50) and the control group (n=50). All participating students will be administered the 'Descriptive Characteristics Form', the 'Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (MMBÖ)' and the 'Spirituality Scale Spiritual Care Competence Scale (MBYÖ)' and (pre-test). Students in the experimental group will undergo reverse application for 1 month.

All students in the control group will be administered the 'Descriptive Characteristics Form,' the 'Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (MMBÖ),' the 'Spiritual Care Competence Scale (MBYÖ),' and a pre-test. No intervention will be administered to students in the control group.

After the reverse application is completed, the 'Descriptive Characteristics Form,' the 'Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (MMBÖ),' the 'Spiritual Care Competence Scale (MBYÖ),' and the 'post-test' will be administered to the students in the experimental and control groups.

The collected data will be analysed using SPSS 22 software.

Study Overview

• Status: Enrolling by invitation
• Conditions: Spiritual Care; Flipped Learning Model
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: flipped learning model

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 112
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Kırıkkale
    • Kırıkkale, Kırıkkale, Turkey (Türkiye), 71450
      • Kirikkale University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Students who volunteer to participate in the study, who have smartphones/computers and continuous Internet access, will be included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Students who have previously studied a health-related subject and who have previously taken a course related to spiritual care will be excluded from the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Flipped Learning Model; Receiving Spiritual Care Training in Nursing with the Reverse Education Model	Other: flipped learning model; All participating students will be administered the 'Introductory Characteristics Form', the 'Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (MMBÖ)' and the 'Spiritual Care Competence Scale (MBYÖ)' and a pre-test. Students in the experimental group will undergo reverse application for one month. All students in the control group will be administered the 'Descriptive Characteristics Form,' the 'Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (MMBÖ),' the 'Spiritual Care Competence Scale (MBYÖ),' and the pre-test. No intervention will be administered to students in the control group. After the reverse application is completed, the 'Descriptive Characteristics Form', the 'Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (MMBÖ)' and the 'Spiritual Care Competence Scale (MBYÖ)' and the 'post-test' will be administered to the students in the experimental and control groups.
No Intervention: TRADITIONAL EDUCATION MODEL; Receiving spiritual care training in nursing with the traditional education model

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Determining the effect of the flipped learning model on nursing students' perception level of spiritual care	Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SCRS); The scale consists of 17 items and has 3 sub-dimensions. The scale is scored using a 5-point Likert type (1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Undecided, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree). Thirteen items (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 17) are scored normally, while four items (3, 4, 13, and 16) are scored in reverse. The total score is obtained by dividing the item scores by the number of questions. The maximum score that can be obtained from the scale is 85, and the minimum is 17. A high total score indicates a good level of perception of spirituality and spiritual care concepts. The Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS) consists of three areas of nursing competence related to spiritual care and a total of 27 items. The scale is a five-point Likert-type scale. The lowest possible score on the scale is 27, and the highest possible score is 135. A high score indicates nursing competence related to spiritual care.	Baseline and post-intervention (8th week)]

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Determining the effect of the flipped learning model on nursing students' their spiritual care competencies	Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SCRS); The scale consists of 17 items and has 3 sub-dimensions. The scale is scored using a 5-point Likert type (1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Undecided, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree). Thirteen items (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 17) are scored normally, while four items (3, 4, 13, and 16) are scored in reverse. The total score is obtained by dividing the item scores by the number of questions. The maximum score that can be obtained from the scale is 85, and the minimum is 17. A high total score indicates a good level of perception of spirituality and spiritual care concepts. The Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS) consists of three areas of nursing competence related to spiritual care and a total of 27 items. The scale is a five-point Likert-type scale. The lowest possible score on the scale is 27, and the highest possible score is 135. A high score indicates nursing competence related to spiritual care.	Baseline and post-intervention (8th week)]

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Kırıkkale University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Kağan ARSLANDOĞMUŞ, Kırıkkale University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 28, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 28, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): February 17, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 8, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 7, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): January 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 13, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 7, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Flipped Learning Model; spiritual care
• Other Study ID Numbers: KKU-SBE-KA-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No