Video Modelling and Dental Determinants on Dental Anxiety in Children (VMDDAC)

January 25, 2026 updated by: Wisnu Fadila

The Role of the "Let's Go to the Dentist!" Video Modelling and Dental Determinants on Dental Anxiety in Children

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine if video modelling reduces dental anxiety in children aged 8-12 years in Depok City. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does video modelling exposure significantly lower dental anxiety levels compared to educational video or control groups? Do family sociodemographic factors, dental health knowledge, dental visit patterns, and caries experience contribute to children's dental anxiety? Researchers compare anxiety scores of the video modelling group to the educational video group and control group (no intervention) to assess anxiety reduction effects before and after controlling for confounding factors. Children aged 8-12 years are the participants. Enumerators interview them using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale Integrated with Facial Image Scale (MDAS+FIS) before and after each intervention, while children watch assigned videos: video modelling (twice), educational video (twice), or none (control). Enumerators record all responses. Children also undergo World Health Organization Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (WHO DMFT/dmft) index dental exams plus interviews about dental knowledge, practices, caries complaints, and visit patterns. Parents complete separate interviews and surveys about family sociodemographics, their own dental knowledge and practice, and their children's dental knowledge, practices, visits, and caries experience.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Dental problems affect children worldwide due to sociodemographic factors, high sugar intake, limited access, urbanization, and lifestyle changes, particularly in low and middle income countries. Indonesia's Riset Kesehatan Dasar/Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018 documented 67.3% prevalence among children aged 5-9 years and 55.6% among 10-14 years with only 14.6% and 9.4% accessing professional care respectively, highlighting dental anxiety as a key mediator alongside established risk factors. Family and school environments critically shape children's dental health attitudes, supporting early promotive preventive interventions.

This study tests video modeling, a safe, scalable nonpharmacologic approach leveraging observational learning, against placebo and control conditions. The experimental intervention demonstrates sequential prosocial behaviors through a child model, including calm greeting of dental staff, positive responses to instructions, procedural tolerance without distress, and satisfied departure.

The design evaluates repeated exposure effects, specifically two viewings with 30 minute interval, within urban Depok elementary schools representing diverse socioeconomic contexts. Parental interviews provide additional perspectives alongside quantitative outcomes on dental health determinants, informing national policy translation

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

496

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Indonesia
    • West Java
      • Depok, West Java, Indonesia
        • Sekolah Dasar Ar-Rahman Islamic School (Ar-Rahman Islamic Elementary School)
      • Depok, West Java, Indonesia
        • Sekolah Dasar Islam Plus Darul Ulum (Darul Ulum Islamic Plus Elementary School)
      • Depok, West Java, Indonesia
        • Sekolah Dasar Negeri Cinere 1 (Cinere 1 Public Elementary School)
      • Depok, West Java, Indonesia
        • Sekolah Dasar Negeri Gandul 1 (Gandul 1 Public Elementary School)
      • Depok, West Java, Indonesia
        • Sekolah Dasar Negeri Krukut 1 (Krukut 1 Public Elementary School)
      • Depok, West Java, Indonesia
        • Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pangkalan Jati 1 (Pangkalan Jati 1 Public Elementary School)

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Schoolchildren aged 8-12 years old at time of enrolment
  2. Resident of Depok City, West Java, Indonesia
  3. Currently enrolled in participating elementary school
  4. Parent/legal guardian able to provide written informed consent
  5. Child able to provide verbal assent to participate
  6. Willing and able to complete study assessments

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Currently receiving orthodontic treatment
  2. Reside outside Depok City boundaries (verified post-assessment)
  3. Age criteria violation (outside 8-12 year range at assessment)
  4. Parent/caregiver unavailable for parent questionnaire interview
  5. Incomplete child questionnaire responses on outcome measures
  6. Institutional residence (orphanage, boarding school)
  7. Inability to provide informed consent/assent

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Video Modelling
Children complete baseline Modified Dental Anxiety Scale Integrated with Facial Image Scale assessment (MDAS+FIS). They then view the "Let's Go to the Dentist!" video (2 minutes 37 seconds). MDAS+FIS is assessed immediately afterward (posttest 1). After a 30-minute wait period, children view the same video again. MDAS+FIS is assessed immediately afterward (posttest 2).
Behavioral: "Let's Go to the Dentist!" Video Modelling

A 2 minutes 37 seconds video depicting a girl demonstrating calm and cooperative behaviour throughout a complete dental visit, from arrival through discharge. Content includes:

  • Greeting dental staff calmly
  • Sitting cooperatively in dental chair
  • Responding positively to instructions
  • Maintaining calm body language during examination
  • Completing all procedures without distress
  • Leaving with positive expressions
Placebo Comparator: Educational Video
Children complete baseline Modified Dental Anxiety Scale Integrated with Facial Image Scale (MDAS+FIS) assessment. They then view the "Let's Brush Our Teeth!" video (2 minutes 16 seconds). MDAS+FIS is assessed immediately afterward (posttest 1). After a 30-minute wait period, children view the same video again. MDAS+FIS is assessed immediately afterward (posttest 2).
Behavioral: "Let's Brush Our Teeth!" General Dental Education Video

A 2 minutes 16 seconds educational video of a boy demonstrating correct toothbrushing technique and basic dental hygiene practices.

Content includes:

  • Proper toothbrush selection
  • Correct toothbrushing method
  • Duration of brushing
  • Interdental cleaning
  • Fluoride use
No Intervention: Control
Children complete baseline Modified Dental Anxiety Scale Integrated with Facial Image Scale (MDAS+FIS) assessment. They wait 30 minutes with no video intervention. MDAS+FIS is assessed at matching time points (posttest 1 equivalent and posttest 2 equivalent).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Dental Anxiety Level
Time Frame: Baseline to post-intervention 1 (immediately after first video exposure), then to post-intervention 2 (immediately after second video exposure, 30 minutes after first post-assessment).
Change in dental anxiety scores assessed by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale Integrated with Facial Image Scale (MDAS+FIS). The MDAS+FIS consists of 5 items scored from 1 to 5, giving a total score range of 5 (lowest anxiety) to 25 (highest anxiety), and higher scores indicate worse (greater) dental anxiety levels.
Baseline to post-intervention 1 (immediately after first video exposure), then to post-intervention 2 (immediately after second video exposure, 30 minutes after first post-assessment).
Dental Health Determinants Assessment
Time Frame: Baseline

Structured assessment of:

  • Sociodemographic factors (age, sex, grade, birth order, parental education, family income, school type)
  • Dental visit patterns (frequency past 12 months)
  • Dental health knowledge (toothbrushing frequency, time, caries cause)
  • Caries experience using World Health Organization Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (WHO DMFT/dmft) index per WHO Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods, 2013.
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Wisnu Fadila

Collaborators

Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional BRIN, Indonesia

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Wisnu Fadila, DDS, MSR, Universitas Padjadjaran

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 26, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

November 30, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 16, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 16, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 26, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 27, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 25, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • DENT-202601.01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Prohibited by Indonesian law under Personal Data Protection Act 2022.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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