Exercise and Diabetes Interventions to Improve Brain Health in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (MOTIVATE)

Metabolic Optimization and Training InterVentions for Aging and Type 2 Diabetes to Enhance Cognition: the MOTIVATE Study

Type 2 diabetes and low levels of physical activity are associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline in older adults. Improving blood sugar control and engaging in regular exercise may help support brain health and physical function in this population.

The MOTIVATE study is a randomized clinical trial designed to examine the effects of supervised exercise and diabetes treatment with semaglutide, alone or in combination, on cognitive function, physical health, and brain-related outcomes in older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Participants will be assigned to one of four study groups involving exercise training, control exercise, semaglutide treatment, or standard diabetes care.

Participants will complete supervised exercise sessions three times per week for 32 weeks, with some participants also receiving weekly semaglutide injections for 16 weeks. Assessments will include cognitive testing, physical and functional measures, blood-based metabolic markers, and brain imaging. This study aims to improve understanding of how exercise and diabetes treatments may support brain health in older adults with Type 2 diabetes.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes; Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: semaglutide; Behavioral: Moderate-Intensity Resistance Exercise; Behavioral: Balance and Tone (BAT) Exercise

Detailed Description

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and lack of engagement in physical activity are common in Canada, significantly increasing the risk of dementia among older adults. High blood sugar levels in people living with T2D are linked to poorer cognitive performance and faster cognitive decline. Even those at risk for T2D, due to slightly elevated blood sugar levels or being overweight, show signs of cognitive decline and brain abnormalities. Studies show that improving blood sugar control, losing weight, and engaging in physical activity can enhance cognitive function in long-term and spatial memory and decision-making.

Semaglutide is primarily used to lower blood sugar levels, while resistance exercise is known to improve brain health and physical fitness. Thus, short-term pharmacotherapy in adjunct to RE may serve as a powerful therapy for older adults with T2D to achieve and sustain clinically relevant improvements in cognitive function and glycemic control, and to facilitate a healthier lifestyle.

The present trial is a 32-week, real-world, randomized, open-label waitlist-controlled trial designed to show improvements in cognitive function and compare the effect of injectable semaglutide once-weekly versus standard of care as a short-term (16-weeks) adjunct to resistance exercise (RE) (32 weeks) versus its active control (balance-and-tone training (BAT)) in older adults with T2D. Participants will be randomly put into one of four groups: 1) drug and exercise, 2) no drug and exercise, 3) standard of care and non- intense exercise, or 4) standard of care and non-intense exercise. Exercise will be conducted in classes involving either resistance exercise (weighted movements using exercise machines) or an active control, balance and tone exercise (stretching and core).

Cognitive function will be assessed using tasks of memory, learning, flexibility, and processing of information. Brain structure and function will be examined through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Blood samples will be analyzed for markers of brain health and inflammation. After randomization, all outcome assessors will remain blinded to the study drug and exercise groups.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 164
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Olivia Ghosh-Swaby, PhD; Phone Number: 88284 5196612111; Email: oghoshsw@uwo.ca

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
      • Western University
      • Contact: Olivia Ghosh-Swaby, PhD; Phone Number: 88284 5196612111; Email: oghoshsw@uwo.ca

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Informed consent obtained before any trial-related activities. Trial-related activities are any procedures that are carried out as part of the trial, including activities to determine suitability for the trial.
2. Community-dwelling
3. Male or female
4. Age ≥ 65 at the time of signing informed consent
5. Glycated hemoglobin levels of ≥7% (i.e., A1c levels high enough to see intervention-related changes and increase eligibility for recruitment, but can exercise safely)
6. Eligible for the Ontario Drug Benefit (inadequate glycemic control and on max tolerated dose of metformin or metformin contraindicated or inappropriate)
7. Score >24/30 on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)
8. Score >6/8 on the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL)
9. Have visual acuity of >20/40 with or without corrective lenses
10. Speak and understand English fluently
11. Complete the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+) and obtain physician clearance to start a supervised exercise program
12. Comfortable with a blood draw
13. Not currently engaging in structured resistance exercise more than once per week

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Have a medical condition for which semaglutide or exercise is contraindicated
2. Use of a GLP-1 receptor agonist in the past 6 months (i.e., offers removal of Semaglutide from the system as it has a half-life of around 1 week; thus, 8-10 weeks are required for a washout.

3) Have engaged regularly (>1/week) in aerobic or RE within the past 6 months 4) Have a neurodegenerative disease (i.e., dementia) or psychiatric condition 5) Have had untreated depression in the past 6 months (6) Have experienced a recent vascular incident (i.e., stroke, myocardial infarction in the last 6 months.) (7) Have severe peripheral neuropathy, an active foot wound, or severe musculoskeletal/joint disease (8) Active or untreated retinopathy (9) Taking psychotropic medications (excluding those for the treatment of depression)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Resistance Exercise + Semaglutide; Participants assigned to this arm will receive injectable semaglutide once weekly for 16 weeks, in addition to participating in supervised moderate-intensity resistance exercise training three times per week for 32 weeks. Semaglutide will be administered during the first 16 weeks, followed by a 16-week exercise-only period.	Drug: semaglutide; Injectable semaglutide administered once weekly by subcutaneous injection for 16 weeks, as prescribed and monitored by the study physician.; Behavioral: Moderate-Intensity Resistance Exercise; Supervised moderate-intensity resistance exercise training performed three times per week for 32 weeks.
Active Comparator: Standard of Care + Resistance Exercise; Participants assigned to this arm will receive standard of care treatment for Type 2 diabetes for 16 weeks and participate in supervised moderate-intensity resistance exercise training three times per week for 32 weeks. No semaglutide will be administered during the study period.	Behavioral: Moderate-Intensity Resistance Exercise; Supervised moderate-intensity resistance exercise training performed three times per week for 32 weeks.
Active Comparator: Semaglutide + Balance and Tone Exercise; Participants assigned to this arm will receive injectable semaglutide once weekly for 16 weeks and participate in supervised balance-and-tone (BAT) exercise three times per week for 32 weeks. Semaglutide will be administered during the first 16 weeks, followed by a 16-week exercise-only period.	Drug: semaglutide; Injectable semaglutide administered once weekly by subcutaneous injection for 16 weeks, as prescribed and monitored by the study physician.; Behavioral: Balance and Tone (BAT) Exercise; Supervised balance-and-tone (BAT) exercise performed three times per week for 32 weeks, serving as an active control exercise condition.
Active Comparator: Standard of Care + Balance and Tone Exercise; Participants assigned to this arm will receive standard of care treatment for Type 2 diabetes for 16 weeks and participate in supervised balance-and-tone (BAT) exercise three times per week for 32 weeks. No semaglutide will be administered during the study period.	Behavioral: Balance and Tone (BAT) Exercise; Supervised balance-and-tone (BAT) exercise performed three times per week for 32 weeks, serving as an active control exercise condition.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Trail Making Test (TMT) Part A and B	Executive function will be assessed using the Trail Making Test (TMT), Parts A and B. The TMT measures visual attention, processing speed (Part A), and executive function/set-shifting ability (Part B). Time to completion (seconds) will be recorded, with faster completion times indicating better performance.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), Endpoint (Week 32)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)	A 30-point cognitive screening tool designed to detect mild cognitive impairment. Domains assessed include attention, executive function, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, abstraction, calculation, and orientation. Measurement Scale: Total scores range from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate better cognitive performance. For this study, a score of ≥26 is considered "normal" cognitive function, while scores below this threshold (typically 18-25) may suggest mild cognitive impairment (MCI).	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)	An 11-item screening tool assessing global cognitive function across orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language. Scores range from 0-30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog-11)	A cognitive test with an 11-task battery assessing memory, language, praxis, attention, and orientation. Widely used in clinical trials to evaluate cognitive dysfunction and disease progression in Alzheimer's disease and related conditions. A score ranges from 0 to 70. Higher scores represent greater cognitive deficit (impairment), with scores of 18 or higher typically indicating cognitive impairment.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Digit Span (Forward and Backward)	A measure of working memory requiring participants to recall increasingly long sequences of numbers in both forward and reverse order. The final score is usually the total correct sequences (0-14 correct) and the longest sequence length achieved (e.g., if a user correctly repeats a 7-digit string, their span is 7). A minimum sequence length of 3 (forward) or 2 (backward) and a maximum sequence of 9 (forward) or 8 (backward) can be achieved. High scores indicate better performance.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Stroop Color-Word Test	Assesses selective attention, processing speed, and cognitive inhibition. Participants are required to identify ink colors while inhibiting automatic word reading. Completion time and/or errors are recorded. Faster completion times and fewer errors indicate better performance.	(Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)	A measure of episodic verbal learning and memory. Participants are read a list of words across multiple trials and asked to recall as many words as possible immediately and after a delay. The total number of words recalled immediately and after a delay is recorded. Additionally, a learning rate is calculated across the number of trials. More words recalled and faster learning rates indicate better performance.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)	Administered using Inquisit software (Millisecond Software) using a computer, this is a timed task assessing processing speed, attention, and visuomotor coordination. Participants use a reference key to match symbols with corresponding numbers within a fixed time period. Total correct responses are recorded. Greater correct responses correspond with better performance.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
NIH Toolbox Flanker Task	A computerized task assessing attention and inhibitory control. Participants respond to the direction of a central target stimulus while ignoring flanking distractors. The task is administered via the NIH Toolbox platform using a touchscreen or keyboard response on a tablet or computer device. Reaction time and accuracy are automatically recorded. Faster reaction times and greater accuracy correspond with better performance.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test	Used to assess mobility. Participants are seated in a chair and must stand up, walk a distance of 3 meters at their usual pace, turn around, return to their chair, and sit back down. The time to complete each of two separate trials is recorded in seconds.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)	Used to assess gait speed, balance, and lower extremity physical function using tasks that mimic daily activities; includes three tasks: (1) Standing Balance Task: participants stand unassisted (side-by-side standing, semi-tandem standing, and tandem standing) for a period of 10 seconds each; (2) Walking Speed Task: participants walk 4 meters at their usual pace; and (3)Chair Stand Test: participants stand up from a chair 5 times consecutively (without the use of their arms if possible). Time to complete tasks 2 and 3 is recorded in seconds. A score between 0 and 12 is assigned based on the above measures. A higher score indicates better daily physical function.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Six-Minute Walk Test	Used to assess aerobic fitness. Participants walk the furthest distance they can achieve in a total of 6 minutes. The total distance walked in meters is recorded. The greater the distance, the better aerobic fitness.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Grip Strength Dynamometry	Grip strength will be assessed using a calibrated handheld dynamometer to measure maximal voluntary isometric force of the dominant hand, providing an index of overall muscular strength. Measured in kgs.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
One-repetition maximum (1RM) strength testing	One-repetition maximum is a physical measure of an individual's maximum muscle strength during a single repetition and is used to determine the desired load for resistance training. Exercise includes leg press, latissimus pulldown, leg curl, chest press, bicep curls, tricep extensions, and pulley rows. Measured in kgs.	Third Exercise Class, Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Mean Cortical Thickness	The average distance between the white matter surface and the pial (outer) surface across the entire cerebral cortex and by region. Automated vertex-wise calculation of the distance between the gray/white matter boundary and the gray matter/CSF boundary. Millimeters (mm). Greater thickness is typically better.	Baseline (Week 0) and Endpoint (Week 32)
Resting-state functional connectivity	Participants will be asked to remain as still as possible with eyes open while a functional scan is acquired to assess intrinsic resting-state brain networks. Measured as Fisher-z transformed correlation coefficients (z). Higher values represent stronger functional synchronization.	Baseline (Week 0) and Endpoint (Week 32)
White Matter Fractional Anisotropy (FA)	A diffusion tensor imaging metric that measures the "directionality" of water diffusion within white matter tracts. It reflects the organization and integrity of the myelin and axonal membranes. Calculated from the diffusion tensor at each voxel; typically averaged across major tracts (e.g., Corpus Callosum, Cingulum). Values: Scale from 0 to 1 (unitless). A value of 1 indicates perfectly directional diffusion (healthy, organized white matter), while a decrease in FA indicates axonal degradation, demyelination, or "leaky" white matter.	Baseline (Week 0) and Endpoint (Week 32)
Total Gray Matter & White Matter Volumes	The global volume of the brain's neuronal cell bodies (gray matter) and myelinated axons (white matter) using automated whole-brain segmentation. Measured in cubic millimeters (mm^3). Reduced total gray matter volume indicates global atrophy. White matter volume changes can indicate loss of structural connectivity.	Baseline (Week 0) and Endpoint (Week 32)
Subcortical Gray Matter Volume	The total volume of deep brain structures, most notably the hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala using automated whole-brain segmentation. Measured in cubic millimeters (mm^3). Reduced volume typically indicates brain atrophy.	Baseline (Week 0) and Endpoint (Week 32)
White Matter Hyperintensity (WMH) Volume	A measure of "leukoaraiosis" or white matter lesions, which appear as bright spots on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. These are primary markers of small vessel disease and vascular brain aging. Automated or semi-automated segmentation (e.g., via FreeSurfer's aseg or specialized toolboxes like BIANCA/LST) on T2- images. Measured as total volume in cubic millimeters (mm^3) or as a percentage of Total Intracranial Volume (%ICV). Lower is better. Higher WMH volumes are strongly associated with hypertension, diabetes, and increased risk for stroke and vascular dementia.	Baseline (Week 0) and Endpoint (Week 32)
Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) Measurement	Capillary blood samples will be obtained via finger prick and analyzed using a calibrated glucometer to determine fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (expressed in mmol/L). Fasting is defined as the absence of caloric intake for a minimum of 8 hours. Glycemic status is categorized according to the following thresholds: Prediabetes Risk: 6.0-6.9 (mmol/L), Diabetes: ≥7.0 (mmol/L)	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), Endpoint (Week 32)
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)	A measure of average glycemic control over the preceding 2-3 months. Unit of measure: Percentage (%) Thresholds: Normal: <6.0%, Prediabetes: 6.0%-6.4%, Diabetes: ≥6.5%	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), Endpoint (Week 32)
Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)	A calculated index used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function. Calculation: [(Fasting Insulin (uIU/mL)) x (Fasting Glucose (mmol/L))] / 22.5 ; Unit of Measure: Numeric index (dimensionless)	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C)	Calculated or direct measurement of "bad" cholesterol, a primary target for cardiovascular risk reduction. Unit of Measure: mmol/L. A level of 2.0 (mmol/L) is often the threshold for high-risk intervention.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C)	Measurement of "good" cholesterol, which aids in the removal of other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream. Unit of Measure: mmol/L. Higher values are generally considered cardioprotective.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Total Triglycerides (TG)	Measurement of the most common type of fat in the body; elevated levels are associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Unit of Measure: mmol/L. Fasting levels < 1.7 (mmol/L) are considered optimal.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Total Cholesterol (TC)	The sum of the body's cholesterol content (HDL, LDL, and VLDL). Unit of Measure: mmol/L. Higher values are generally considered cardioprotective.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)	Concentration of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in venous serum, reflecting systemic neuroplasticity and trophic support. Measured as ng/mL.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1)	Venous concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, serving as a marker for neuroprotective growth factor activity. Measured as ng/mL.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6)	Pro-inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-6) measured in venous blood to assess systemic and neuro-associated inflammation. Measured as pg/mL or mg/L.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
C-reactive protein (CRP)	C-Reactive Protein measured in venous blood to assess systemic and neuro-associated inflammation. Measured as pg/mL or mg/L.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Plasma Neurofilament Light (NfL)	Quantified via high-sensitivity digital immunoassay (e.g., Simoa) to detect axonal injury and neurodegeneration in peripheral venous blood. Measured as pg/mL.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Plasma p-tau181	Measurement of phosphorylated tau protein at position 181, utilized as a venous biomarker for Alzheimer's-related tau pathology. Measured as pg/mL.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Amyloid Beta Ratio (beta42/40)	The ratio of amyloid-beta peptides measured in plasma; a lower venous ratio is associated with increased brain amyloid deposition. Measured as a ratio.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Body Weight	Total body mass measured under standardized conditions. Kilograms (kg).	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)	A dimensionless ratio used to assess the distribution of body fat and identify central (android) obesity. Determined using waist Circumference, measured at the narrowest part of the torso (midway between the lowest rib and the iliac crest), and Hip Circumference, measured at the widest portion of the buttocks. Calculated by creating a ratio (Waist Circumference/ Hip Circumference). Lower values are associated with healthier body composition.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Total Lean Body Mass (LBM)	Total non-fat, non-bone tissue mass as measured by a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Body Fat Percentage (%BF)	The proportion of total fat mass relative to total body mass, calculated via whole-body DEXA scan. Unit of Measure: Percentage (%)	Baseline (0 weeks), Midpoint (16 weeks), Endpoint (32 weeks)
Bone Mineral Density (BMD)	Total body bone mineral density is determined by the attenuation of two X-ray beams of different energy levels. Unit of Measure: (g/cm^2) (Grams per square centimeter)	Baseline (0 weeks), Midpoint (16 weeks), Endpoint (32 weeks)
Total Fat Mass (FM)	Total body fat tissue mass as measured by a whole-body DEXA scan. Unit of Measure: Kilograms (kg)	Baseline (0 weeks), Midpoint (16 weeks), Endpoint (32 weeks)
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)	An indicator of kidney function calculated using serum creatinine levels, age, and sex (typically via the CKD-EPI equation). Unit of Measure: mL/min/1.73m^2; Interpretation: Lower scores indicate decreased renal function.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Gait Velocity (Walking Speed)	The average speed of walking over a fixed distance. Measured using a GAITRite, pressure-sensitive mat, to determine the total distance traveled divided by the ambulation time (m/s). Higher is better. In older adults, a velocity > 1.0 (m/s) is typically considered "healthy." A velocity < 0.8 (m/s) is a clinically significant marker for increased risk of cognitive decline and falls.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Stride Time Variability (Coefficient of Variation)	A measure of the consistency or "rhythm" of the gait cycle from one step to the next, measured using a GAITRite. Calculated as the standard deviation of stride time divided by the mean stride time ((SD/Mean) x 100). Lower value is better. Healthy adults typically have a variability < 3%. Values > 5% are strongly associated with executive dysfunction and instability in the frontal lobe's motor control circuits.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)
Double Support Time (% of Gait Cycle)	The amount of time during a stride during which both feet are in contact with the ground simultaneously. Measured using a GAITRite, pressure-sensitive mat, to determine the cumulative time of double-support phases divided by total gait cycle time.Percentage of Gait Cycle (%GC). Lower is better (within normal limits). A healthy gait typically spends about 20% - 25% of the cycle in double support. Higher values (e.g., > 30%) indicate a "cautious gait" pattern, often used by those with cognitive impairment to compensate for poor balance.	Baseline (Week 0), Midpoint (Week 16), and Endpoint (Week 32)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Western University, Canada

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): May 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): May 1, 2029
• Study Completion (Estimated): May 1, 2029

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 11, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 16, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): March 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 20, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 16, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Physical Activity; Exercise Training; Semaglutide; Type 2 Diabetes; Older Adults; Cognitive Function; Brain Health
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus; Behavior; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Motor Activity; Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena; Exercise; semaglutide; glycine N-choloyltransferase
• Other Study ID Numbers: 128008; 528313 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR))

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Individual participant data will not be shared with external researchers. The study protocol and informed consent documents do not include provisions for individual participant data sharing, and data are managed and stored in accordance with institutional research ethics board requirements.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No