Hot Climate on Bleeding Tendency After Cardiac Surgery in Egyptian Patients

March 28, 2026 updated by: Abdallah Sami Mahmoud, Al-Azhar University

Effect of Hot Climate on Bleeding Tendency After Cardiac Surgery in Egyptian Patients

This work aimed to assess the effect of regional climatic differences on postoperative bleeding in Egyptian patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, by comparing outcomes between patients from hot climate zones (Upper Egypt) and those from moderate climate zones (Lower Egypt).

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Egypt experiences extremely high ambient temperatures, especially during the summer months, with daily highs frequently exceeding 40°C. Such climatic extremes can influence physiological homeostasis in surgical patients by altering fluid balance, cardiovascular strain, and hemostatic function.

Seasonal and climatic variations have been linked to changes in cardiovascular surgical outcomes, including mortality, length of stay, and complication rates. Several large observational studies have noted increased bleeding or transfusion requirements in surgeries performed under certain environmental conditions, though findings remain inconsistent.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

400

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Egypt
      • Cairo, Egypt, 11651
        • Al-Azhar University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

This retrospective observational study involved 400 Egyptian patients, comprising both sexes, aged≥ 18 years, underwent open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. This research took place over a two-year period between June 2023 and June 2025, following approval from the ethical committee of Al-Azhar University Hospitals.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ≥18 years.
  • Both sexes.
  • Egyptian nationality.
  • Underwent open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
  • Complete medical records and postoperative bleeding data are available.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Emergency surgeries
  • Pre-existing coagulopathy
  • Use of anticoagulants not discontinued prior to surgery
  • Re-do surgeries

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Group A (Hot Climate Group)
Included patients from Upper Egypt.
Procedure: Open heart surgery
Patients who underwent open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Group B (Moderate/Cold Climate Group)
Included patients from Lower Egypt.
Procedure: Open heart surgery
Patients who underwent open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Incidence of mortality
Time Frame: 24 hours postoperatively
Incidence of mortality was recorded.
24 hours postoperatively

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Incidence of morbidity
Time Frame: 24 hours postoperatively
Incidence of morbidity was recorded.
24 hours postoperatively
Postoperative bleeding volume
Time Frame: 24 hours postoperatively.
Total postoperative bleeding volume within the first 24 hours after surgery, measured by cumulative chest tube drainage.
24 hours postoperatively.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Al-Azhar University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 28, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 28, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 3, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 3, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 28, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 12/2025

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author after the end of study for one year.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

After the end of study for one year.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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