Effects of Kahoot-Based Learning on Anxiety, Stress Coping, and Motivation in Physiotherapy Students

April 21, 2026 updated by: Elif Durgut, Bezmialem Vakif University

Effects of Kahoot-Based Learning on Students' Anxiety, Stress Coping, and Motivation: A Comparative Study in Physiotherapy Education

This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of Kahoot-based learning on anxiety, stress coping, and motivation levels in physiotherapy and rehabilitation students. Participants were randomly assigned to either a Kahoot-based assessment group or a traditional paper-based assessment group. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and after a 4-week intervention period.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

131

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion criteria were as follows: enrollment in the specified courses, voluntary participation, age ≥18 years, absence of neurological, psychiatric, or systemic disorders, and proficiency in the Turkish language.

Exclusion criteria included the inability to attend face-to-face classes or quiz sessions, any medical or personal condition preventing participation, or incomplete assessment data.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control Group
Behavioral: Paper-based learning
Participants completed quizzes using traditional paper-based methods at the end of each lesson during the 4-week intervention period. Each session included 5-10 multiple-choice questions, and feedback was provided after completion of the quiz.
Experimental: Kahoot Group
Behavioral: Kahoot-based learning
Participants completed quizzes using the Kahoot! platform at the end of each lesson during the 4-week intervention period. Each session included 5-10 multiple-choice questions, and immediate feedback was provided following each response. The intervention aimed to enhance engagement through interactive and gamified learning.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Test Anxiety (Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale)
Time Frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Test anxiety will be evaluated using the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale, a 23-item validated self-report instrument adapted to Turkish. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater test anxiety.
Baseline and after 4 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Trait Anxiety Level (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI-Trait)
Time Frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Trait anxiety will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Trait), a validated 20-item scale measuring general anxiety disposition. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Baseline and after 4 weeks
State Anxiety Level (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI-State)
Time Frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
State anxiety levels will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State), a validated 20-item self-report scale measuring situational anxiety. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Baseline and after 4 weeks
Stress Coping Styles (Stress Coping Attitudes Inventory)
Time Frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Stress coping styles will be assessed using the Stress Coping Attitudes Inventory, a 43-item validated scale measuring coping strategies across six subdimensions. Higher scores indicate greater use of specific coping strategies.
Baseline and after 4 weeks
Learning Motivation (Instructional Materials Motivation Survey - IMMS)
Time Frame: At the post-test assessment (after 4 weeks)
Learning motivation will be evaluated using the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS), a 14-item validated instrument assessing motivation related to instructional materials. Higher scores indicate greater motivation.
At the post-test assessment (after 4 weeks)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Bezmialem Vakif University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 15, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 15, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

December 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 21, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 21, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 28, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 28, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 21, 2026

Last Verified

April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • bvuedurgut02

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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