Reducerer intraperitoneal udvaskning yderligere smerter efter lavtryks vNOTES-hysterektomi? (Low-Pressure)
Reducerer intraperitoneal udvaskning yderligere smerter efter lavtryks vNOTES hysterektomi? Resultater fra et randomiseret kontrolleret forsøg.
The evolution of minimally invasive gynecology has transitioned from traditional laparotomy to laparoscopy, and most recently, to vNOTES (Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery). By combining the visual advantages of endoscopy with the scarless approach of vaginal surgery, vNOTES has demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and improved cosmetic results compared to traditional total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH).
Despite these advancements, post-laparoscopic pain syndrome (PLPS) remains a significant clinical challenge. Characterized by deep-seated abdominal pressure and referred shoulder-tip pain, PLPS is primarily attributed to the irritation of the phrenic nerve caused by residual carbon dioxide and the formation of carbonic acid on the peritoneal surface. In the Trendelenburg position required for gynecologic procedures, this gas often becomes trapped in the subdiaphragmatic space, leading to significant distress that can delay discharge even when the surgical site itself is healing well.
The physiological impact of the pneumoperitoneum is largely pressure-dependent. The landmark study by Barczyński and Herman (2004) in general surgery established that maintaining a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (<10 mmHg) significantly reduces peritoneal stretching and the subsequent inflammatory response. Furthermore, the technique of intraperitoneal saline washout has been proposed to physically remove residual CO2 and dilute acidic metabolites, thereby mitigating phrenic nerve irritation.
While these techniques have been validated in abdominal laparoscopic procedures such as cholecystectomy, their efficacy within the unique framework of vNOTES hysterectomy remains unexplored. vNOTES naturally utilizes lower pressures than traditional laparoscopy, yet the incidence of referred pain persists. There is currently a lack of high-level evidence determining whether the addition of a standardized saline washout provides an incremental benefit over low-pressure vNOTES alone.
The aim of this prospective, randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the impact of intraperitoneal saline washout on postoperative pain scores and analgesic consumption in patients undergoing low-pressure vNOTES hysterectomy. The investigators hypothesize that the combination of low-pressure insufflation and active saline washout will result in a synergistic reduction in post-laparoscopic pain, facilitating an ultra-fast-track recovery protocol.
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiesteder
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Muğla, Tyrkiet (Türkiye), 35460
- Mugla Education and Research Hospital
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Muğla, Tyrkiet (Türkiye)
- Muğla Sıtkı Kocman University
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Køn, der er berettiget til at studere
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Surgical Indication: Scheduled for elective total hysterectomy for gynecological conditions
- Deemed suitable candidates for the vNOTES (Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery) approach by a senior gynecologic surgeon.
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I or III.
- Uterine volume ≤14 weeks of gestation (or a sonographically estimated weight of ≤ 500 grams) to ensure a standardized vNOTES procedural duration
- Ability to understand the study protocol and provide written informed consent, including the willingness to use the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assessment.
- Sufficient literacy and fluency in Turkish to accurately complete postoperative pain and recovery surveys
Exclusion Criteria:
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Chronic Pain Syndromes: Diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain, fibromyalgia, or any condition requiring long-term analgesic or opioid therapy, as these may distort postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores.
- Extensive Adhesions: Known or suspected severe pelvic adhesions (Stage III or IV endometriosis) or a history of multiple major abdominal surgeries that might necessitate conversion to traditional laparoscopy or laparotomy.
- Uterine Size: Uterine weight exceeding 500 grams or size greater than 14 weeks of gestation, potentially requiring morcellation or prolonged surgical time.
- Anatomical Constraints: Severe vaginal stenosis or insufficient vaginal access that precludes the vNOTES approach.
- Hypersensitivity: Known allergy or hypersensitivity to local anesthetics or medications used in the standardized postoperative pain protocol.
- Psychiatric/Cognitive Disorders: Any condition that impairs the patient's ability to reliably report pain levels using the VAS or follow the study protocol.
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Støttende pleje
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Tredobbelt
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
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Ingen indgriben: Control Group
A standardized low-pressure pneumoperitoneum of 8 mmHg was utilized for all vNOTES hysterectomies and salpingectomies. Oophorectomy or additional surgical interventions were integrated into the procedure as required by the clinical findings |
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Eksperimentel: Study Group
Similar to the control group, vNOTES hysterectomy in the intervention group was performed under an 8 mmHg low-pressure pneumoperitoneum. However, this group received an additional intraperitoneal washout with warm saline (25mL/kg) at the end of the surgery. |
To maintain peritoneal homeostasis and prevent thermal-induced desiccation, the irrigation fluid was standardized to normothermic saline (37°C). A volume of $25 mL/kg was administered at the conclusion of the procedure, ensuring all subdiaphragmatic CO2 pockets were effectively displaced while preserving the peritoneal fibrinolytic environment. |
Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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24 h postoperative VAS score
Tidsramme: 24 hours
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Postoperative pain was evaluated through a visual analog scale (VAS). Patients subjectively rated their pain on a 0-10 scale, where 0 represented no pain and 10 signified the worst possible pain. Pain assessment was conducted 24 hours after surgery, with evaluations performed by clinicians experienced in using the scale. |
24 hours
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Studiestart (Faktiske)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
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Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
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