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Feasibility of Competent Learner Model With Families of Children With ASD

10. juni 2021 opdateret af: Jocelyn Stokes, West Virginia University

Feasibility of Parent Training Using the Competent Learner Model With Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong, neurodevelopmental disorder effecting one in fifty-nine children. Each individual with ASD is unique. Children with ASD may have trouble making friends, keeping friends, communicating their needs, engaging in leisure activities, learning to read and do math, and many other challenges. The children may engage in repetitive behaviors such as hitting themselves or flapping their hands, and may be over sensitive to particular sounds or lights which can make certain places, such as a store, very uncomfortable. Also, children with ASD may have challenging behaviors such as hitting others and excessive tantrums that can seem uncontrollable. 25 to 40 hours a week of intensive applied behavior analysis is the evidence-based treatment for children with ASD. Many children with ASD in rural areas and certain states are unable to access evidence-based treatment because of insurance barriers and lack of providers. The Competent Learner Model uses strategies from applied behavior analysis to target core skills that increase successful participation in life activities. Its program is applicable across all ages and developmental levels, and it has an online course of study which has been used to train professionals and lay people alike including parents. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of training parents in applied behavior analysis using the Competent Learner Model with children with ASD who do not have access to treatment. The program consisted of a hybrid of group sessions for caregivers, coaching sessions for the caregiver-child dyads, and online units for caregivers. This project assessed participation in and satisfaction with the program as well as changes in parenting stress. Feedback from caregivers will be used to create a more satisfactory method of increasing accessing to families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in rural areas.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Specific Aims: Many children with Autism in West Virginia are not able to access the evidence-based treatment, intensive applied behavior analysis, because of insurance barriers and lack of providers. Training parents in applied behavior analysis using the Competent Learner Model may allow children to access treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine if it is feasible to use online training units, group sessions for caregivers co-led by a parent, and family coaching sessions to improve the functioning of children with Autism. The current study is the first examination of Competent Learner Model as an independent intervention for parents using a hybrid of group and family sessions. Hypotheses: (1) Parent will complete therapy homework and attend 90% of sessions. (2) Parents will report a decrease in parenting stress.

Background: Autism is a lifelong, developmental disorder that affects 1 in 59 children, which represents about 720 children in the region of West Virginia where this study took place. Challenges for children with Autism include difficulty making and keeping friends, trouble talking to people, and insisting on rigid routines that interfere with daily life. The children may have challenging behavior such as hitting themselves, hitting others, and extreme meltdowns. Children may struggle to learn in typical classrooms, and may have trouble going to community events with their families. Families participate in fewer community activities leading to social isolation, and parents of children with Autism are more stressed than other parents. 25-40 hours per week of applied behavior analysis for 1-3 years is the evidence-based treatment for Autism. Many insurance companies in West Virginia specifically exclude services for children with Autism, and the Mountaineer Autism Project has estimated that only 1.6% of children with Autism in the state are receiving applied behavior analysis. Additionally, West Virginia has a limited number of providers for Autism. Children with Autism make greater progress across multiple settings (e.g., home, public) when their caregivers are involved in treatment, and coaching results in greater improvements in child behavior following behavioral parent training. Parent-implemented interventions for Autism are promising but more research is needed. When parents are trained to use the therapeutic strategies, the parent may be able to increase the child's skill development (e.g., self-care, functional academics, and social skills) across multiple settings and feel less stressed. The Competent Learner Model uses concepts and strategies from applied behavior analysis, Direct Instruction, and Precision Teaching to improve functioning of individuals with Autism. The program targets core skills that facilitate successful participation across all areas of an individuals' life, and it can be applied across all ages and developmental levels. A core component of the Competent Learner Model is the Course of Study, which has been used to train professionals and lay people. The Course of Study is a sequence of online training units using programmed instruction formats with embedded active student responding, video examples, and skill check outs. Coaching is a critical component of the program. While the Competent Learner Model uses well-researched strategies, the research of the program's effectiveness consists primarily of poster presentations and a handful of dissertations. One study found parents were better able to apply strategies and reported less stress when the parents were trained supplemental to their child's treatment. The effectiveness of the Competent Learner Model as implemented by parents independent of other treatment is unknown. Parent training using the Competent Learner Model may provide access to effective treatment for families. If this program is effective in training parents, it will increase access to effective services, decrease the amount of face-to-face time a parent must spend with a clinician and, thus, allow the clinician to serve a greater number of families simultaneously. More broadly, this treatment approach may present a treatment option for rural Americans with limited access to behavioral health outside of West Virginia as well. The study will contribute to the literature of training parents as therapists for their children with Autism.

Undersøgelsestype

Observationel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

5

Kontakter og lokationer

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Studiesteder

    • West Virginia
      • Martinsburg, West Virginia, Forenede Stater, 25401
        • West Virginia University Medicine University Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Barn
  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Køn, der er berettiget til at studere

Alle

Prøveudtagningsmetode

Ikke-sandsynlighedsprøve

Studiebefolkning

Families were recruited through healthcare offices including primary care and behavioral health offices.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria: Caregiver-child dyads were eligible to participate if:

  • the child has a diagnosis of Autism
  • the child was under 18-years-old
  • the child's legal guardian consented to treatment
  • the child's insurance was accepted at this clinic or the family will pay for the services

Exclusion Criteria: Children were excluded from the study if:

  • they were currently receiving intensive applied behavior analysis in the home
  • the caregiver would not consent to being videotaped.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Session Attendance
Tidsramme: Up to 16 weeks
Number of sessions attended divided by total session
Up to 16 weeks
Homework Completion
Tidsramme: Up to 16 weeks
Number of training units completed in entirety divided by total units
Up to 16 weeks

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Parenting Stress Index Fourth Edition
Tidsramme: From baseline to post intervention, up to 4 months
36-item parent report questionnaire assessing stress in parent-child relationships, dysfunctional parenting, and child adjustment problems
From baseline to post intervention, up to 4 months
Parent Sense of Competence Scale
Tidsramme: From baseline to post intervention, up to 4 months
Parent-report questionnaire assessing parenting attitudes and behaviors
From baseline to post intervention, up to 4 months

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

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Publikationer og nyttige links

Den person, der er ansvarlig for at indtaste oplysninger om undersøgelsen, leverer frivilligt disse publikationer. Disse kan handle om alt relateret til undersøgelsen.

Generelle publikationer

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

26. november 2018

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

12. juni 2019

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

12. juni 2019

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

29. april 2021

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

10. juni 2021

Først opslået (Faktiske)

18. juni 2021

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

18. juni 2021

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

10. juni 2021

Sidst verificeret

1. juni 2021

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

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UBESLUTET

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Researchers may share data from the current study based on individual request from the other researcher

Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter

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