Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training in Young Soccer Players
Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training on Body Composition, Anaerobic Power, and Selected Biomotor Characteristics in Young Male Soccer Players
Studienübersicht
Status
Status
Bedingungen
Bedingungen
Intervention / Behandlung
Intervention / Behandlung
Detaillierte Beschreibung
High-intensity intermittent actions, such as accelerations, change-of-direction movements, jumps, and repeated sprints, are critical determinants of competitive performance in soccer. To optimize these physical attributes, coaches commonly utilize Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST). However, comparative evidence regarding the specific adaptations induced by these two distinct conditioning strategies alongside regular soccer practice remains crucial for athletic periodization.
This 6-week randomized controlled trial evaluated 24 young male soccer players randomly allocated into three parallel arms (n=8 per group): SSGG, RSTG, and a Control Group (CG).
Training Protocols:
- SSGG Protocol: Performed a "4 vs. 4 Transition Possession" format on two adjacent zones 3 days per week (Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays) after the technical section of regular practice. Training volume progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2-minute passive recovery between sets.
- RSTG Protocol: Performed 20-meter linear maximal sprints with 20 seconds of active recovery (slow walking) between repetitions and 3-4 minutes of passive rest between sets. Volume progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6).
- Control Group: Maintained standard soccer training sessions planned by the head coach, without any additional physical conditioning intervention.
Assessments:
Body composition parameters were evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC-418 MA). Laboratory testing included the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test (Monark 834 E) with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight to assess peak and mean anaerobic power. Field testing included 10m and 20m sprint times using electronic photocells (Smart Speed Lite), change-of-direction performance via the Illinois Agility Test, and lower-body explosive power via the Countermovement Jump test (Smart Jump mat).
Studientyp
Studientyp
Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)
Einschreibung
Phase
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Studienorte
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Central
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Muş, Central, Türkei (türkiye), 49100
- Football Facilities of the Mus Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports / Mus Alparslan University Exercise Physiology Laboratory
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Teilnahmekriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
- Kind
- Erwachsene
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Beschreibung
Inclusion Criteria:
- Active male soccer players competing in the Regional Amateur League (BAL)
- Age between 16 and 20 years
- Voluntary participation with signed informed consent (and parental consent for minors)
- No history of severe musculoskeletal injuries or orthopedic surgeries in the lower extremities within the past 6 months
- Regular participation in team soccer practices
Exclusion Criteria:
- Missing more than 10% of the scheduled training sessions during the 6-week intervention
- Occurrence of any acute musculoskeletal injury or illness preventing full participation in tests or training
- Simultaneous participation in external structured strength or conditioning programs outside the study protocol
- Failure to complete all pre- or post-intervention performance tests
Studienplan
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Sonstiges
- Zuteilung: Zufällig
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Keine (Offenes Etikett)
Anzahl der Arme
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / ArmTeilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlungIntervention / Behandlung |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG)
Participants performed a 4 vs. 4 directional possession game ("4v4 Transition Possession") in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
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4 vs. 4 transition possession game played 3 days/week for 6 weeks.
Loading progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2 min rest between sets.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
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Experimental: Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG)
Participants performed a 20-meter repeated sprint training protocol (100% maximal effort, 20s active rest between repetitions, 3-4 min rest between sets) in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
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Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
20-meter linear repeated sprints at 100% maximal effort 3 days/week for 6 weeks.
Loading progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6), with 20s active recovery between reps and 3-4 min rest between sets.
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Aktiver Komparator: Control Group (Routine Soccer Training)
Participants engaged exclusively in their regular team soccer training sessions (technical, tactical, and conditioning drills) 3 days per week for 6 weeks, without any additional specialized sprint or small-sided game interventions.
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Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
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Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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10-Meter Sprint Time
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate short-distance acceleration.
The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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20-Meter Sprint Time
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate maximal linear speed.
The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Illinois Agility Test Time
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Evaluated using electronic photocell gates to assess change-of-direction ability and reactivity on a 10x5 meter course.
The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Countermovement Jump Height
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Lower-body explosive power was measured using a jump mat system (Smart Speed Lite Smart Jump).
Participants performed maximal vertical jumps with hands on hips.
The best height of two trials was recorded in centimeters.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Wingate Peak Power
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Maximal anaerobic power evaluated via a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test on a Monark 834 E bicycle ergometer with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight.
Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Wingate Mean Power
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Anaerobic capacity evaluated via a 30-second Wingate test.
Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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Body Fat Percentage
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to measure total body fat percentage (%).
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Fat-Free Mass
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to assess lean body mass in kilograms.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Body Mass Index
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²) using Tanita BC-418 MA.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
Sponsor
Sponsor
Mitarbeiter
Mitarbeiter
Ermittler
Ermittler
- Hauptermittler: Muhammed Z Kahraman, PhD, Bitlis Eren University
Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)
Studienbeginn
Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)
Primärer Abschluss
Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)
Studienabschluss
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Zuerst gepostet
Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen
Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Letztes Update gepostet
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Zuletzt verifiziert
Zuletzt verifiziert
Mehr Informationen
Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie
Schlüsselwörter
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- BEU-ANT-MZK-03
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