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Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training in Young Soccer Players

4 września 2026 zaktualizowane przez: Muhammed Zahit Kahraman, Bitlis Eren University

Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training on Body Composition, Anaerobic Power, and Selected Biomotor Characteristics in Young Male Soccer Players

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 6-week Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST) on body composition, anaerobic power, and selected physical performance qualities in young male soccer players. A total of 24 active male soccer players (aged 16 to 20 years) participating in the Regional Amateur League were randomly assigned into three equal groups: Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG) completing a 4 vs. 4 transition possession game 3 days a week in addition to routine training, Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG) completing a 20-meter maximal repeated sprint protocol 3 days a week in addition to routine training, and Control Group (CG) continuing only their routine soccer practice schedule. Before and after the 6-week intervention, participants underwent laboratory and field testing to evaluate body composition (body fat percentage, fat-free mass, BMI), acceleration and maximal speed (10m and 20m sprint tests), agility (Illinois Agility Test), explosive lower-body power (countermovement jump), and maximal anaerobic power (30-second Wingate test) to determine which specific training method provides superior athletic adaptations.

Przegląd badań

Status

Zakończony

Warunki

Interwencja / Leczenie

Szczegółowy opis

High-intensity intermittent actions, such as accelerations, change-of-direction movements, jumps, and repeated sprints, are critical determinants of competitive performance in soccer. To optimize these physical attributes, coaches commonly utilize Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST). However, comparative evidence regarding the specific adaptations induced by these two distinct conditioning strategies alongside regular soccer practice remains crucial for athletic periodization.

This 6-week randomized controlled trial evaluated 24 young male soccer players randomly allocated into three parallel arms (n=8 per group): SSGG, RSTG, and a Control Group (CG).

Training Protocols:

  • SSGG Protocol: Performed a "4 vs. 4 Transition Possession" format on two adjacent zones 3 days per week (Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays) after the technical section of regular practice. Training volume progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2-minute passive recovery between sets.
  • RSTG Protocol: Performed 20-meter linear maximal sprints with 20 seconds of active recovery (slow walking) between repetitions and 3-4 minutes of passive rest between sets. Volume progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6).
  • Control Group: Maintained standard soccer training sessions planned by the head coach, without any additional physical conditioning intervention.

Assessments:

Body composition parameters were evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC-418 MA). Laboratory testing included the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test (Monark 834 E) with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight to assess peak and mean anaerobic power. Field testing included 10m and 20m sprint times using electronic photocells (Smart Speed Lite), change-of-direction performance via the Illinois Agility Test, and lower-body explosive power via the Countermovement Jump test (Smart Jump mat).

Typ studiów

Interwencyjne

Zapisy (Rzeczywisty)

24

Faza

  • Nie dotyczy

Kontakty i lokalizacje

Ta sekcja zawiera dane kontaktowe osób prowadzących badanie oraz informacje o tym, gdzie badanie jest przeprowadzane.

Lokalizacje studiów

    • Central
      • Muş, Central, Turcja (Türkiye), 49100
        • Football Facilities of the Mus Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports / Mus Alparslan University Exercise Physiology Laboratory

Kryteria uczestnictwa

Badacze szukają osób, które pasują do określonego opisu, zwanego kryteriami kwalifikacyjnymi. Niektóre przykłady tych kryteriów to ogólny stan zdrowia danej osoby lub wcześniejsze leczenie.

Kryteria kwalifikacji

Wiek uprawniający do nauki

  • Dziecko
  • Dorosły

Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników

Tak

Opis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Active male soccer players competing in the Regional Amateur League (BAL)
  • Age between 16 and 20 years
  • Voluntary participation with signed informed consent (and parental consent for minors)
  • No history of severe musculoskeletal injuries or orthopedic surgeries in the lower extremities within the past 6 months
  • Regular participation in team soccer practices

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Missing more than 10% of the scheduled training sessions during the 6-week intervention
  • Occurrence of any acute musculoskeletal injury or illness preventing full participation in tests or training
  • Simultaneous participation in external structured strength or conditioning programs outside the study protocol
  • Failure to complete all pre- or post-intervention performance tests

Plan studiów

Ta sekcja zawiera szczegółowe informacje na temat planu badania, w tym sposób zaprojektowania badania i jego pomiary.

Jak projektuje się badanie?

Szczegóły projektu

  • Główny cel: Inny
  • Przydział: Randomizowane
  • Model interwencyjny: Przydział równoległy
  • Maskowanie: Brak (otwarta etykieta)

Broń i interwencje

Grupa uczestników / Arm
Interwencja / Leczenie
Eksperymentalny: Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG)
Participants performed a 4 vs. 4 directional possession game ("4v4 Transition Possession") in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
4 vs. 4 transition possession game played 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Loading progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2 min rest between sets.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
Eksperymentalny: Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG)
Participants performed a 20-meter repeated sprint training protocol (100% maximal effort, 20s active rest between repetitions, 3-4 min rest between sets) in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
20-meter linear repeated sprints at 100% maximal effort 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Loading progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6), with 20s active recovery between reps and 3-4 min rest between sets.
Aktywny komparator: Control Group (Routine Soccer Training)
Participants engaged exclusively in their regular team soccer training sessions (technical, tactical, and conditioning drills) 3 days per week for 6 weeks, without any additional specialized sprint or small-sided game interventions.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.

Co mierzy badanie?

Podstawowe miary wyniku

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
10-Meter Sprint Time
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate short-distance acceleration. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
20-Meter Sprint Time
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate maximal linear speed. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Illinois Agility Test Time
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated using electronic photocell gates to assess change-of-direction ability and reactivity on a 10x5 meter course. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Countermovement Jump Height
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Lower-body explosive power was measured using a jump mat system (Smart Speed Lite Smart Jump). Participants performed maximal vertical jumps with hands on hips. The best height of two trials was recorded in centimeters.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Wingate Peak Power
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Maximal anaerobic power evaluated via a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test on a Monark 834 E bicycle ergometer with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight. Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Wingate Mean Power
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Anaerobic capacity evaluated via a 30-second Wingate test. Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

Miary wyników drugorzędnych

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
Body Fat Percentage
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to measure total body fat percentage (%).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Fat-Free Mass
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to assess lean body mass in kilograms.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Body Mass Index
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²) using Tanita BC-418 MA.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

Współpracownicy i badacze

Tutaj znajdziesz osoby i organizacje zaangażowane w to badanie.

Sponsor

Współpracownicy

Śledczy

  • Główny śledczy: Muhammed Z Kahraman, PhD, Bitlis Eren University

Daty zapisu na studia

Daty te śledzą postęp w przesyłaniu rekordów badań i podsumowań wyników do ClinicalTrials.gov. Zapisy badań i zgłoszone wyniki są przeglądane przez National Library of Medicine (NLM), aby upewnić się, że spełniają określone standardy kontroli jakości, zanim zostaną opublikowane na publicznej stronie internetowej.

Główne daty studiów

Rozpoczęcie studiów (Rzeczywisty)

12 stycznia 2026

Zakończenie podstawowe (Rzeczywisty)

28 lutego 2026

Ukończenie studiów (Rzeczywisty)

11 czerwca 2026

Daty rejestracji na studia

Pierwszy przesłany

2 września 2026

Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości

2 września 2026

Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)

8 września 2026

Aktualizacje rekordów badań

Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)

9 września 2026

Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości

4 września 2026

Ostatnia weryfikacja

1 września 2026

Więcej informacji

Terminy związane z tym badaniem

Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania

  • BEU-ANT-MZK-03

Plan dla danych uczestnika indywidualnego (IPD)

Planujesz udostępniać dane poszczególnych uczestników (IPD)?

NIE

Opis planu IPD

IPD will not be made publicly available to protect participant privacy and maintain confidentiality. Aggregated statistical data and summary results are fully presented within the published study/thesis and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable academic request.

Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze

Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Te informacje zostały pobrane bezpośrednio ze strony internetowej clinicaltrials.gov bez żadnych zmian. Jeśli chcesz zmienić, usunąć lub zaktualizować dane swojego badania, skontaktuj się z register@clinicaltrials.gov. Gdy tylko zmiana zostanie wprowadzona na stronie clinicaltrials.gov, zostanie ona automatycznie zaktualizowana również na naszej stronie internetowej .