Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training in Young Soccer Players
Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training on Body Composition, Anaerobic Power, and Selected Biomotor Characteristics in Young Male Soccer Players
Studieoversikt
Status
Status
Forhold
Forhold
Intervensjon / Behandling
Intervensjon / Behandling
Detaljert beskrivelse
High-intensity intermittent actions, such as accelerations, change-of-direction movements, jumps, and repeated sprints, are critical determinants of competitive performance in soccer. To optimize these physical attributes, coaches commonly utilize Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST). However, comparative evidence regarding the specific adaptations induced by these two distinct conditioning strategies alongside regular soccer practice remains crucial for athletic periodization.
This 6-week randomized controlled trial evaluated 24 young male soccer players randomly allocated into three parallel arms (n=8 per group): SSGG, RSTG, and a Control Group (CG).
Training Protocols:
- SSGG Protocol: Performed a "4 vs. 4 Transition Possession" format on two adjacent zones 3 days per week (Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays) after the technical section of regular practice. Training volume progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2-minute passive recovery between sets.
- RSTG Protocol: Performed 20-meter linear maximal sprints with 20 seconds of active recovery (slow walking) between repetitions and 3-4 minutes of passive rest between sets. Volume progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6).
- Control Group: Maintained standard soccer training sessions planned by the head coach, without any additional physical conditioning intervention.
Assessments:
Body composition parameters were evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC-418 MA). Laboratory testing included the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test (Monark 834 E) with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight to assess peak and mean anaerobic power. Field testing included 10m and 20m sprint times using electronic photocells (Smart Speed Lite), change-of-direction performance via the Illinois Agility Test, and lower-body explosive power via the Countermovement Jump test (Smart Jump mat).
Studietype
Studietype
Registrering (Faktiske)
Registrering
Fase
Fase
- Ikke aktuelt
Kontakter og plasseringer
Studiesteder
-
-
Central
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Muş, Central, Tyrkia (Türkiye), 49100
- Football Facilities of the Mus Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports / Mus Alparslan University Exercise Physiology Laboratory
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Deltakelseskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Alder som er kvalifisert for studier
- Barn
- Voksen
Tar imot friske frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Active male soccer players competing in the Regional Amateur League (BAL)
- Age between 16 and 20 years
- Voluntary participation with signed informed consent (and parental consent for minors)
- No history of severe musculoskeletal injuries or orthopedic surgeries in the lower extremities within the past 6 months
- Regular participation in team soccer practices
Exclusion Criteria:
- Missing more than 10% of the scheduled training sessions during the 6-week intervention
- Occurrence of any acute musculoskeletal injury or illness preventing full participation in tests or training
- Simultaneous participation in external structured strength or conditioning programs outside the study protocol
- Failure to complete all pre- or post-intervention performance tests
Studieplan
Hvordan er studiet utformet?
Designdetaljer
- Primært formål: Annen
- Tildeling: Randomisert
- Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
- Masking: Ingen (Open Label)
Antall våpen
Våpen og intervensjoner
Deltakergruppe / ArmDeltakergruppe / Arm |
Intervensjon / BehandlingIntervensjon / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Eksperimentell: Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG)
Participants performed a 4 vs. 4 directional possession game ("4v4 Transition Possession") in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
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4 vs. 4 transition possession game played 3 days/week for 6 weeks.
Loading progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2 min rest between sets.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
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Eksperimentell: Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG)
Participants performed a 20-meter repeated sprint training protocol (100% maximal effort, 20s active rest between repetitions, 3-4 min rest between sets) in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
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Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
20-meter linear repeated sprints at 100% maximal effort 3 days/week for 6 weeks.
Loading progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6), with 20s active recovery between reps and 3-4 min rest between sets.
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Aktiv komparator: Control Group (Routine Soccer Training)
Participants engaged exclusively in their regular team soccer training sessions (technical, tactical, and conditioning drills) 3 days per week for 6 weeks, without any additional specialized sprint or small-sided game interventions.
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Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
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Hva måler studien?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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10-Meter Sprint Time
Tidsramme: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate short-distance acceleration.
The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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20-Meter Sprint Time
Tidsramme: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate maximal linear speed.
The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Illinois Agility Test Time
Tidsramme: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Evaluated using electronic photocell gates to assess change-of-direction ability and reactivity on a 10x5 meter course.
The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Countermovement Jump Height
Tidsramme: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Lower-body explosive power was measured using a jump mat system (Smart Speed Lite Smart Jump).
Participants performed maximal vertical jumps with hands on hips.
The best height of two trials was recorded in centimeters.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Wingate Peak Power
Tidsramme: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Maximal anaerobic power evaluated via a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test on a Monark 834 E bicycle ergometer with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight.
Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Wingate Mean Power
Tidsramme: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Anaerobic capacity evaluated via a 30-second Wingate test.
Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Body Fat Percentage
Tidsramme: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to measure total body fat percentage (%).
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Fat-Free Mass
Tidsramme: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to assess lean body mass in kilograms.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Body Mass Index
Tidsramme: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²) using Tanita BC-418 MA.
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Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
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Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Samarbeidspartnere
Samarbeidspartnere
Etterforskere
Etterforskere
- Hovedetterforsker: Muhammed Z Kahraman, PhD, Bitlis Eren University
Studierekorddatoer
Studer hoveddatoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Studiestart
Primær fullføring (Faktiske)
Primær fullføring
Studiet fullført (Faktiske)
Studiet fullført
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først innsendt
Først innsendt
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Først lagt ut (Faktiske)
Først lagt ut
Oppdateringer av studieposter
Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)
Sist oppdatering lagt ut
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Sist bekreftet
Sist bekreftet
Mer informasjon
Begreper knyttet til denne studien
Nøkkelord
Andre studie-ID-numre
Andre studie-ID-numre
- BEU-ANT-MZK-03
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