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Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training in Young Soccer Players

4 settembre 2026 aggiornato da: Muhammed Zahit Kahraman, Bitlis Eren University

Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training on Body Composition, Anaerobic Power, and Selected Biomotor Characteristics in Young Male Soccer Players

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 6-week Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST) on body composition, anaerobic power, and selected physical performance qualities in young male soccer players. A total of 24 active male soccer players (aged 16 to 20 years) participating in the Regional Amateur League were randomly assigned into three equal groups: Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG) completing a 4 vs. 4 transition possession game 3 days a week in addition to routine training, Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG) completing a 20-meter maximal repeated sprint protocol 3 days a week in addition to routine training, and Control Group (CG) continuing only their routine soccer practice schedule. Before and after the 6-week intervention, participants underwent laboratory and field testing to evaluate body composition (body fat percentage, fat-free mass, BMI), acceleration and maximal speed (10m and 20m sprint tests), agility (Illinois Agility Test), explosive lower-body power (countermovement jump), and maximal anaerobic power (30-second Wingate test) to determine which specific training method provides superior athletic adaptations.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

High-intensity intermittent actions, such as accelerations, change-of-direction movements, jumps, and repeated sprints, are critical determinants of competitive performance in soccer. To optimize these physical attributes, coaches commonly utilize Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST). However, comparative evidence regarding the specific adaptations induced by these two distinct conditioning strategies alongside regular soccer practice remains crucial for athletic periodization.

This 6-week randomized controlled trial evaluated 24 young male soccer players randomly allocated into three parallel arms (n=8 per group): SSGG, RSTG, and a Control Group (CG).

Training Protocols:

  • SSGG Protocol: Performed a "4 vs. 4 Transition Possession" format on two adjacent zones 3 days per week (Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays) after the technical section of regular practice. Training volume progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2-minute passive recovery between sets.
  • RSTG Protocol: Performed 20-meter linear maximal sprints with 20 seconds of active recovery (slow walking) between repetitions and 3-4 minutes of passive rest between sets. Volume progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6).
  • Control Group: Maintained standard soccer training sessions planned by the head coach, without any additional physical conditioning intervention.

Assessments:

Body composition parameters were evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC-418 MA). Laboratory testing included the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test (Monark 834 E) with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight to assess peak and mean anaerobic power. Field testing included 10m and 20m sprint times using electronic photocells (Smart Speed Lite), change-of-direction performance via the Illinois Agility Test, and lower-body explosive power via the Countermovement Jump test (Smart Jump mat).

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

24

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

    • Central
      • Muş, Central, Turchia (Türkiye), 49100
        • Football Facilities of the Mus Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports / Mus Alparslan University Exercise Physiology Laboratory

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Bambino
  • Adulto

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Active male soccer players competing in the Regional Amateur League (BAL)
  • Age between 16 and 20 years
  • Voluntary participation with signed informed consent (and parental consent for minors)
  • No history of severe musculoskeletal injuries or orthopedic surgeries in the lower extremities within the past 6 months
  • Regular participation in team soccer practices

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Missing more than 10% of the scheduled training sessions during the 6-week intervention
  • Occurrence of any acute musculoskeletal injury or illness preventing full participation in tests or training
  • Simultaneous participation in external structured strength or conditioning programs outside the study protocol
  • Failure to complete all pre- or post-intervention performance tests

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Altro
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG)
Participants performed a 4 vs. 4 directional possession game ("4v4 Transition Possession") in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
4 vs. 4 transition possession game played 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Loading progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2 min rest between sets.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
Sperimentale: Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG)
Participants performed a 20-meter repeated sprint training protocol (100% maximal effort, 20s active rest between repetitions, 3-4 min rest between sets) in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
20-meter linear repeated sprints at 100% maximal effort 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Loading progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6), with 20s active recovery between reps and 3-4 min rest between sets.
Comparatore attivo: Control Group (Routine Soccer Training)
Participants engaged exclusively in their regular team soccer training sessions (technical, tactical, and conditioning drills) 3 days per week for 6 weeks, without any additional specialized sprint or small-sided game interventions.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
10-Meter Sprint Time
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate short-distance acceleration. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
20-Meter Sprint Time
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate maximal linear speed. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Illinois Agility Test Time
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated using electronic photocell gates to assess change-of-direction ability and reactivity on a 10x5 meter course. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Countermovement Jump Height
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Lower-body explosive power was measured using a jump mat system (Smart Speed Lite Smart Jump). Participants performed maximal vertical jumps with hands on hips. The best height of two trials was recorded in centimeters.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Wingate Peak Power
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Maximal anaerobic power evaluated via a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test on a Monark 834 E bicycle ergometer with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight. Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Wingate Mean Power
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Anaerobic capacity evaluated via a 30-second Wingate test. Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Body Fat Percentage
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to measure total body fat percentage (%).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Fat-Free Mass
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to assess lean body mass in kilograms.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Body Mass Index
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²) using Tanita BC-418 MA.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Collaboratori

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Muhammed Z Kahraman, PhD, Bitlis Eren University

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

12 gennaio 2026

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

28 febbraio 2026

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

11 giugno 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

2 settembre 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

2 settembre 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

8 settembre 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

9 settembre 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

4 settembre 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 settembre 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • BEU-ANT-MZK-03

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

IPD will not be made publicly available to protect participant privacy and maintain confidentiality. Aggregated statistical data and summary results are fully presented within the published study/thesis and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable academic request.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .