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Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training in Young Soccer Players

4 september 2026 bijgewerkt door: Muhammed Zahit Kahraman, Bitlis Eren University

Effects of Small-Sided Games and Repeated Sprint Training on Body Composition, Anaerobic Power, and Selected Biomotor Characteristics in Young Male Soccer Players

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 6-week Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST) on body composition, anaerobic power, and selected physical performance qualities in young male soccer players. A total of 24 active male soccer players (aged 16 to 20 years) participating in the Regional Amateur League were randomly assigned into three equal groups: Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG) completing a 4 vs. 4 transition possession game 3 days a week in addition to routine training, Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG) completing a 20-meter maximal repeated sprint protocol 3 days a week in addition to routine training, and Control Group (CG) continuing only their routine soccer practice schedule. Before and after the 6-week intervention, participants underwent laboratory and field testing to evaluate body composition (body fat percentage, fat-free mass, BMI), acceleration and maximal speed (10m and 20m sprint tests), agility (Illinois Agility Test), explosive lower-body power (countermovement jump), and maximal anaerobic power (30-second Wingate test) to determine which specific training method provides superior athletic adaptations.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

High-intensity intermittent actions, such as accelerations, change-of-direction movements, jumps, and repeated sprints, are critical determinants of competitive performance in soccer. To optimize these physical attributes, coaches commonly utilize Small-Sided Games (SSG) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST). However, comparative evidence regarding the specific adaptations induced by these two distinct conditioning strategies alongside regular soccer practice remains crucial for athletic periodization.

This 6-week randomized controlled trial evaluated 24 young male soccer players randomly allocated into three parallel arms (n=8 per group): SSGG, RSTG, and a Control Group (CG).

Training Protocols:

  • SSGG Protocol: Performed a "4 vs. 4 Transition Possession" format on two adjacent zones 3 days per week (Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays) after the technical section of regular practice. Training volume progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2-minute passive recovery between sets.
  • RSTG Protocol: Performed 20-meter linear maximal sprints with 20 seconds of active recovery (slow walking) between repetitions and 3-4 minutes of passive rest between sets. Volume progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6).
  • Control Group: Maintained standard soccer training sessions planned by the head coach, without any additional physical conditioning intervention.

Assessments:

Body composition parameters were evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC-418 MA). Laboratory testing included the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test (Monark 834 E) with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight to assess peak and mean anaerobic power. Field testing included 10m and 20m sprint times using electronic photocells (Smart Speed Lite), change-of-direction performance via the Illinois Agility Test, and lower-body explosive power via the Countermovement Jump test (Smart Jump mat).

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

24

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

    • Central
      • Muş, Central, Turkije (Türkiye), 49100
        • Football Facilities of the Mus Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports / Mus Alparslan University Exercise Physiology Laboratory

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Kind
  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Active male soccer players competing in the Regional Amateur League (BAL)
  • Age between 16 and 20 years
  • Voluntary participation with signed informed consent (and parental consent for minors)
  • No history of severe musculoskeletal injuries or orthopedic surgeries in the lower extremities within the past 6 months
  • Regular participation in team soccer practices

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Missing more than 10% of the scheduled training sessions during the 6-week intervention
  • Occurrence of any acute musculoskeletal injury or illness preventing full participation in tests or training
  • Simultaneous participation in external structured strength or conditioning programs outside the study protocol
  • Failure to complete all pre- or post-intervention performance tests

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Ander
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Small-Sided Games Group (SSGG)
Participants performed a 4 vs. 4 directional possession game ("4v4 Transition Possession") in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
4 vs. 4 transition possession game played 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Loading progressed from 3 sets x 3 min (weeks 1-2) to 4 sets x 3 min (weeks 3-4) and 4 sets x 4 min (weeks 5-6), with 2 min rest between sets.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
Experimenteel: Repeated Sprint Training Group (RSTG)
Participants performed a 20-meter repeated sprint training protocol (100% maximal effort, 20s active rest between repetitions, 3-4 min rest between sets) in addition to their routine soccer training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.
20-meter linear repeated sprints at 100% maximal effort 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Loading progressed from 2 sets x 6 reps (weeks 1-2) to 2 sets x 8 reps (weeks 3-4) and 3 sets x 6 reps (weeks 5-6), with 20s active recovery between reps and 3-4 min rest between sets.
Actieve vergelijker: Control Group (Routine Soccer Training)
Participants engaged exclusively in their regular team soccer training sessions (technical, tactical, and conditioning drills) 3 days per week for 6 weeks, without any additional specialized sprint or small-sided game interventions.
Standard technical, tactical, and physical conditioning soccer training sessions directed by the team's head coach.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
10-Meter Sprint Time
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate short-distance acceleration. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
20-Meter Sprint Time
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Measured using a wireless photocell timing gate system (Smart Speed Lite) to evaluate maximal linear speed. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Illinois Agility Test Time
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated using electronic photocell gates to assess change-of-direction ability and reactivity on a 10x5 meter course. The best time of two trials was recorded in seconds.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Countermovement Jump Height
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Lower-body explosive power was measured using a jump mat system (Smart Speed Lite Smart Jump). Participants performed maximal vertical jumps with hands on hips. The best height of two trials was recorded in centimeters.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Wingate Peak Power
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Maximal anaerobic power evaluated via a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test on a Monark 834 E bicycle ergometer with a load equal to 7.5% of body weight. Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Wingate Mean Power
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Anaerobic capacity evaluated via a 30-second Wingate test. Expressed in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Body Fat Percentage
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to measure total body fat percentage (%).
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Fat-Free Mass
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Evaluated via bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita BC-418 MA to assess lean body mass in kilograms.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Body Mass Index
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)
Calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²) using Tanita BC-418 MA.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 6)

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Medewerkers

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Muhammed Z Kahraman, PhD, Bitlis Eren University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

12 januari 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

28 februari 2026

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

11 juni 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

2 september 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

2 september 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

8 september 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

9 september 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

4 september 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 september 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • BEU-ANT-MZK-03

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Beschrijving IPD-plan

IPD will not be made publicly available to protect participant privacy and maintain confidentiality. Aggregated statistical data and summary results are fully presented within the published study/thesis and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable academic request.

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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