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Estimulación Transcraneal de Corriente Directa Multidiana para Depresión Comórbida y Dolor Crónico: Un Ensayo Multicéntrico Aleatorizado Controlado

1 de septiembre de 2026 actualizado por: Shanghai Mental Health Center

Estimulación Eléctrica Transcraneal para la Depresión y el Dolor Comórbidos: Del Desarrollo Tecnológico a la Traducción Clínica en un Ensayo Multicéntrico

Este ensayo clínico tiene como objetivo investigar una intervención novedosa no farmacológica, la estimulación transcraneal por corriente directa (tDCS), para el tratamiento de la depresión comórbida y el dolor. Los objetivos principales son optimizar los parámetros de neuroestimulación a través de un diseño multicéntrico aleatorizado controlado y dilucidar los mecanismos subyacentes de interacción neurocircuital-inmunológica de esta comorbilidad. Los participantes con depresión comórbida y dolor crónico serán asignados aleatoriamente para recibir tES multiobjetivo activa o estimulación simulada. El periodo de intervención durará 2 semanas, seguido de una serie de evaluaciones de seguimiento postratamiento. Los investigadores compararán los cambios en la gravedad de la depresión (p. ej., evaluada por HAMD-24) y la intensidad del dolor (p. ej., NRS, BPI) entre los grupos para evaluar la eficacia. Los resultados secundarios incluyen la percepción del dolor, prueba sensorial cuantitativa, fMRI, MEG, marcadores metabólicos, neurotransmisores y biomarcadores de inflamación. Este estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar una estrategia terapéutica precisa e individualizada, reducir la dependencia de la farmacoterapia y promover el desarrollo de dispositivos médicos de alta gama nacionales.

Descripción general del estudio

Estado

Reclutamiento

Condiciones

Intervención / Tratamiento

Tipo de estudio

Intervencionista

Inscripción (Estimado)

160

Fase

  • No aplica

Contactos y Ubicaciones

Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.

Estudio Contacto

Ubicaciones de estudio

    • Shanghai Municipality
      • Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, Porcelana, 200072
        • Reclutamiento
        • Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
        • Contacto:
          • enzhao Cong
          • Número de teléfono: congenzhao@163.com
          • Correo electrónico: congenzhao@163.com
      • Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, Porcelana, 200030
        • Reclutamiento
        • Shanghai Mental Health Center
        • Contacto:
        • Contacto:
          • haoyun Tang
          • Número de teléfono: (+86) 18117197217
          • Correo electrónico: tanghy0809@163.com

Criterios de participación

Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.

Criterio de elegibilidad

Edades elegibles para estudiar

  • Adulto
  • Adulto Mayor

Acepta Voluntarios Saludables

No

Descripción

Criterios de inclusión:

  1. Edad entre 18 y 65 años;
  2. Cumplir con los criterios diagnósticos de un episodio depresivo según la CIE-11, con síntomas depresivos actuales de leves a moderados (puntuación HAMD-24 ≥8 y ≤34);
  3. Reportar dolor persistente que dure ≥3 meses y puntuar ≥4 en el ítem 5 del Inventario Breve del Dolor (BPI);
  4. Mantener un plan estable de medicación antidepresiva y tratamiento psicológico (incluyendo dosis, tipo de fármaco o enfoque terapéutico) durante al menos cuatro semanas antes de la inclusión;
  5. Diestro, con audición normal, visión normal o visión corregida;
  6. Capaz de proporcionar voluntariamente consentimiento informado por escrito para participar en el estudio y dispuesto y capaz de cumplir con todos los procedimientos del estudio.

Criterios de exclusión:

  1. Diagnosticado con otros trastornos psiquiátricos, incluidos trastornos del espectro de la esquizofrenia, trastorno bipolar I (debido al riesgo potencial de episodios maníacos y contraindicación de litio o anticonvulsivos), trastornos de ansiedad primarios, depresión asociada con enfermedad somática grave, etc.
  2. Ideación suicida activa, definida como una puntuación de 4 en el ítem 3 del HAMD-24.
  3. Depresión grave o resistente al tratamiento (puntuación HAMD-24 ≥35, con episodio depresivo actual que dure al menos 2 años o falta de respuesta a dos o más tratamientos antidepresivos durante el episodio actual).
  4. Trastorno por consumo de sustancias en los últimos 3 meses.
  5. Experiencia de dolor maligno debido a síndrome de dolor oncológico, dolor visceral (por ejemplo, dolor gástrico) o dolor referido (por ejemplo, dolor de espalda por pancreatitis).
  6. Trastornos neurológicos asociados con anomalías estructurales cerebrales (por ejemplo, traumatismo craneoencefálico, accidente cerebrovascular reciente, tumor cerebral).
  7. Haber recibido tratamientos de neuromodulación en los últimos 3 meses, incluyendo terapia electroconvulsiva (MECT), estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (rTMS) o estimulación eléctrica transcraneal (tES).
  8. Contraindicaciones para la estimulación eléctrica transcraneal (por ejemplo, implantes metálicos intracraneales, marcapasos cardíaco, implante coclear, lesiones cutáneas en los sitios de estimulación, antecedentes personales o familiares de epilepsia).
  9. Uso actual o en el último mes de medicamentos que afecten la excitabilidad del sistema nervioso central o el dolor, como anticonvulsivos, litio, opioides, antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y antipsicóticos. Se permite el uso ocasional según necesidad de paracetamol como medicación de rescate, pero debe documentarse detalladamente en el diario del estudio.
  10. Signos de demencia u otro deterioro cognitivo grave (puntuación MoCA <17).
  11. Enfermedades somáticas graves o inestables, incluyendo pero no limitadas a: trastornos neurológicos (por ejemplo, epilepsia, accidente cerebrovascular, migraña, antecedentes de cirugía craneal); enfermedades cardiovasculares (por ejemplo, hipertensión no controlada, insuficiencia cardíaca, arritmia, infarto de miocardio); trastornos respiratorios (por ejemplo, síndrome de apnea del sueño grave); malignidad o estado de inmunocompromiso; diabetes no controlada (glucosa en ayunas >12 mmol/L).
  12. Embarazo o lactancia.
  13. Participación concurrente en otro ensayo clínico, participación en cualquier ensayo clínico en los últimos 90 días, o participación planificada en otro ensayo durante el período de estudio.
  14. Cualquier contraindicación para la resonancia magnética (por ejemplo, implantes metálicos, claustrofobia, discapacidades respiratorias o motoras).
  15. Incapacidad para cooperar con las evaluaciones del estudio.

Plan de estudios

Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.

¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?

Detalles de diseño

  • Propósito principal: Tratamiento
  • Asignación: Aleatorizado
  • Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
  • Enmascaramiento: Triple

Armas e Intervenciones

Grupo de participantes/brazo
Intervención / Tratamiento
Experimental: tDCS
Participants receive active tDCS. The anodal electrode is placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3), and the cathodal electrode is placed over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F4). A constant current of 2 mA is applied for 40 minutes per session, with a 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down period. The intervention is administered once daily for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Participants receive active tDCS. The anodal electrode (5 × 5 cm) is placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3), and the cathodal electrode (5 × 7 cm) is placed over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F4). A constant current of 2 mA is applied for 40 minutes per session, with a 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down period. The intervention is administered once daily for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Experimental: alpha-tACS
Participants receive active alpha-tACS. Two electrodes are placed over F3 and F4. A sinusoidal alternating current at 10 Hz frequency (alpha band) is applied 1 mA (zero-to-peak) at the F3 and F4 electrodes. Stimulation duration is 40 minutes per session, including 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods. The intervention is administered once daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Participants receive active alpha-tACS. Two electrodes are placed over F3 and F4. A sinusoidal alternating current at 10 Hz frequency (alpha band) is applied 1 mA (zero-to-peak) at the F3 and F4 electrodes. Stimulation duration is 40 minutes per session, including 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods. The intervention is administered once daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Comparador falso: Sham
Sham group using the same electrode montage at F3/F4. To maintain blinding, the stimulator delivers current only during the initial 30-second ramp-up period, followed by an immediate ramp-down, and a final 30-second ramp-up at the end of the stimulation session. This mimics the initial sensation of active stimulation without delivering sufficient current to induce neural modulation.
Sham group using the same electrode montage at F3/F4. To maintain blinding, the stimulator delivers current only during the initial 30-second ramp-up period, followed by an immediate ramp-down, and a final 30-second ramp-up at the end of the stimulation session. This mimics the initial sensation of active stimulation without delivering sufficient current to induce neural modulation.
Experimental: Exploratory Open-Label tACS Group
Participants in this exploratory arm receive the same active tACS intervention as Arm alpha-tACS, with identical stimulation parameters (e.g., 1 mA, 40 minutes, 10 Hz, targeting the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)). This arm is open-label (unblinded): participants and study personnel are aware of the treatment assignment. It serves as a supplementary exploratory cohort to explore preliminary neural oscillation entrainment effects of tACS. Unlike Arms 1-3, this arm is neither randomized nor blinded. Data from this arm will be analyzed separately and are not included in the primary confirmatory hypothesis testing of the randomized controlled trial. The overall study remains double-blind for the three-arm RCT component, with this exploratory arm conducted as an ancillary cohort.
Participants receive active alpha-tACS. Two electrodes are placed over F3 and F4. A sinusoidal alternating current at 10 Hz frequency (alpha band) is applied 1 mA (zero-to-peak) at the F3 and F4 electrodes. Stimulation duration is 40 minutes per session, including 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods. The intervention is administered once daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).

¿Qué mide el estudio?

Medidas de resultado primarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Proportion of Participants Achieving MCID on BPI Pain Intensity Subscale
Periodo de tiempo: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline

Description:

The BPI is a validated self-administered questionnaire that assesses the severity of pain and its impact on daily functioning. The pain intensity subscale consists of four items rating pain at its "worst," "least," "average," and "current" (right now). Each item is rated on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

The Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is defined as a reduction of ≥ 1 point from baseline in the BPI pain intensity score. The outcome is the proportion of participants in each group who achieve this MCID threshold at each follow-up time point.

At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline

Medidas de resultado secundarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Percentage Reduction from Baseline in HAMD-17 Total Score
Periodo de tiempo: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline

The HAMD-17 is a 17-item clinician-rated scale assessing depression severity. Items are rated on 3- or 5-point scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (greater depression severity).

The outcome is the percentage reduction in HAMD-17 total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated using the formula:

[(Baseline score - Follow-up score) / Baseline score] × 100%

A positive percentage indicates improvement (reduction in depressive symptoms).

At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
Change from Baseline in HAMD-17 Total Score
Periodo de tiempo: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) is a 17-item clinician-rated scale assessing depression severity. Items are rated on 3- or 5-point scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores indicate greater depression severity (worse outcome). The outcome is the absolute change in the total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated as: [(Baseline score) - (Follow-up score)]. A positive change value indicates improvement (reduction in depressive symptoms). No pre-defined clinically meaningful threshold is applied to this continuous outcome; it is reported as the mean absolute change per group.
At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)
Change from Baseline in Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Total Score
Periodo de tiempo: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-reported questionnaire. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time), with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores indicate higher levels of pain catastrophizing (worse outcome). The outcome is the absolute change in the total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated as: [(Baseline score) - (Follow-up score)]. A positive change value indicates improvement (reduction in pain catastrophizing).
At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
Change from Baseline in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) Total Score
Periodo de tiempo: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
The GAD-7 is a 7-item self-report scale (0-21, higher scores = worse outcome) assessing anxiety symptoms over the past two weeks. The outcome is the absolute change in the total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated as: [(Baseline score) - (Follow-up score)].
At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
Change from Baseline in Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Total Score
Periodo de tiempo: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)

The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale consists of two clinician-rated subscales assessing overall treatment response:

CGI-Severity (CGI-S): Rates the severity of the patient's illness on a 7-point scale from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

CGI-Improvement (CGI-I): Rates the patient's improvement compared to baseline on a 7-point scale from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). This subscale is only assessed at post-baseline time points. Lower scores mean a better outcome (greater improvement).

The outcome is the change from baseline in CGI-S score at each follow-up time point, and the CGI-I score at each post-baseline time point.

At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)
Change from Baseline in Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the DLPFC at 2 Weeks
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and immediately after the 2-week intervention period
Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The primary measurement is the change in seed-based functional connectivity strength between the DLPFC and its target network regions (e.g., parietal cortex, default mode network nodes), quantified as Fisher-transformed correlation coefficients (z-values) from a priori defined regions of interest. Higher z-values indicate stronger positive functional connectivity; lower or negative values indicate weaker or anticorrelated connectivity. Structural MRI (sMRI) is acquired for co-registration and normalization purposes.
Baseline and immediately after the 2-week intervention period

Otras medidas de resultado

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Change from Baseline in Brain-Derived Exosome Metabolite Levels
Periodo de tiempo: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Metabolite profiles are measured using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in plasma-derived brain-enriched exosomes. Changes in metabolite profiles from baseline to post-intervention are assessed using multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The primary comparison is the separation distance (e.g., Q² or R² values) between baseline and post-intervention clusters, with positive values indicating greater separation between the two time points. This is an exploratory outcome to identify potential metabolic biomarkers and generate hypotheses related to the mechanisms of tACS/tDCS action. Results will be reported descriptively and are not part of the primary confirmatory analysis.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in BPI Pain Intensity Score in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Periodo de tiempo: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
This exploratory outcome measures the change from baseline in the BPI Pain Intensity score after 10 sessions of active tACS in the open-label arm. Data are reported descriptively as individual change values, mean change, standard deviation, and within-group effect size (Cohen's d) . No formal hypothesis testing is planned; the results will inform effect size estimation for future trial planning.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in HAMD-17 Total Score in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Periodo de tiempo: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
This exploratory outcome measures the change from baseline in HAMD-17 total score after 10 sessions of active tACS in the open-label arm. Data are reported descriptively as individual change values, mean change, standard deviation, and within-group effect size (Cohen's d). No formal hypothesis testing is planned; the results will inform effect size estimation for future trial planning.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in GAD-7 Total Score in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Periodo de tiempo: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
This exploratory outcome measures the change from baseline in GAD-7 total score after 10 sessions of active tACS in the open-label arm. Data are reported descriptively as individual change values, mean change, standard deviation, and within-group effect size (Cohen's d). No formal hypothesis testing is planned. GAD-7 scores will also be explored as a covariate in pain outcome analyses.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in Resting-State EEG Power Spectra in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline, Day 1 (immediately before and after the 1st tACS session), Day 10 (immediately before and after the 10th tACS session), and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)
Resting-state EEG is recorded for 5 minutes with eyes open and 5 minutes with eyes closed using a 64-channel EEG system. The primary measure is the change from baseline in spectral power (absolute and relative) across frequency bands (delta: 1-4 Hz, theta: 4-8 Hz, alpha: 8-12 Hz, beta: 12-30 Hz, gamma: 30-50 Hz), with a focus on the alpha band (8-12 Hz) due to the 10 Hz tACS intervention. Data are analyzed descriptively without formal hypothesis testing.
Baseline, Day 1 (immediately before and after the 1st tACS session), Day 10 (immediately before and after the 10th tACS session), and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)
Change from Baseline in Task-State EEG (Event-Related Potentials) in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 tACS sessions)
Task-state EEG is recorded while participants perform a cognitive task (e.g., working memory or attention task). The primary measure is the change from baseline in event-related potential (ERP) components and task-related spectral power changes (event-related desynchronization/synchronization). Data are analyzed descriptively without formal hypothesis testing.
Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 tACS sessions)
Change from Baseline in Resting-State EEG Functional Connectivity in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)
Resting-state EEG functional connectivity is assessed using coherence and phase-locking value (PLV) between electrode pairs, with a focus on the alpha band and the DLPFC region. Data are analyzed descriptively without formal hypothesis testing.
Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)

Colaboradores e Investigadores

Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.

Patrocinador

Colaboradores

Fechas de registro del estudio

Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados ​​por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.

Fechas importantes del estudio

Inicio del estudio (Estimado)

1 de noviembre de 2026

Finalización primaria (Estimado)

1 de febrero de 2028

Finalización del estudio (Estimado)

1 de junio de 2028

Fechas de registro del estudio

Enviado por primera vez

3 de enero de 2026

Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

3 de enero de 2026

Publicado por primera vez (Actual)

12 de enero de 2026

Actualizaciones de registros de estudio

Última actualización publicada (Actual)

4 de septiembre de 2026

Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

1 de septiembre de 2026

Última verificación

1 de diciembre de 2025

Más información

Términos relacionados con este estudio

Otros números de identificación del estudio

  • 2025-80

Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)

¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?

SÍ

Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio

Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .