- ICH GCP
- Yhdysvaltain kliinisten tutkimusten rekisteri
- Kliininen tutkimus NCT03441386
Acute Physical Exercise Intensity on Adolescents Cognitive Function (APICA)
Acute Physical Exercise Intensity on Cognitive Inhibition and Psychological Well-being in Adolescents
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Interventio / Hoito
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
Participants The initial sample comprised 35 students from 2nd grade of high school (19 boys and 16 girls), aged between 16 and 18 years (M =16.49, SD = .79). The students belonged to a public school of a large city in Spain.
Ethical approval and informed consent The experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of the authors' university and approved by the corresponding academic authority of the high school. All participants signed an informed consent by themselves and their parents.
Measures Measure of Interference Index (Stroop Test). The interference index was calculated from the scores obtained by the participants in the Spanish adaptation of the Stroop test 25 using a pencil-and-paper version.
The test consists of three pages of words and drawings printed in colors that combine in different ways. The first set or page, called Word (W), is made up of the words blue, green, and red, written in black ink on a white background. The second page, called Color (C), presents groups of four Xs (XXXX), printed in one of the above-mentioned colors (blue, red or green). The participants are requested to name the color of the four Xs presented. The last page, called Word-Color (WC) is made up of the names of the colors that appear on page 1, but in ink colors that are incongruent with the printed word. Participants are requested to name the color while inhibiting the reading of the word.
All the pages have 100 items, and each test lasts 45 seconds. The number of hits is added. For this study, we calculated the interference index with the formula, Interference Index = WC - ((WxC)/(W+C)). As indicated by Martín et al. (2012), this index represents the difference between the real performance on page 3 and the expected performance as a function of the hits on pages 1 and 2. Higher values indicate better control of interference.
Measure of psychological well-being Subjective vitality. To measure the students' perception of vitality before and after the three sessions, we used the Subjective Vitality Questionnaire 26, adapted to Spanish by Molina-García, Castillo, and Pablos 27. This questionnaire can be considered as a eudaimonic measure of psychological well-being 17. The questionnaire is made up of 7 items that indicate how the person feels at that moment (e.g., "I am full of energy"). The responses are rated on an 8-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 7 (very true). Cronbach's alpha in the different experimental situations ranged from .74 to .82.
Affect. The Spanish version 19 of the short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule 28 was used to measure positive and negative feelings before and after the sessions of physical education. This questionnaire is considered a hedonic measure of well-being. The scale is made up of 9 adjectives, which are grouped into two factors in response to the item "Indicate how you feel right now…". Four of the items represent feelings associated with Positive Affect (glad, happy, content, amused), and five of them represent Negative Affect (depressed, worried, frustrated, angry, unhappy). The responses are rated on an 8-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 7 (extremely). Cronbach´s alpha ranged between .76 and. 90 for the two factors in the present study.
Procedure Only the participants who handed in an informed consent signed by themselves, their parents, and the school could participate. They were informed of the confidentiality and anonymity of the results obtained. Although all the adolescents of the three classes that participated in the study underwent all the experimental sessions (as a part of their physical education curriculum), the investigators only measured the students who had handed in the signed informed consent. The final sample (N = 35) was made up of those who participated in all the pre and post-experimental sessions. The investigators counterbalanced the three experimental sessions in the three classes. The participants carried out four sessions (one pre-experimental session and three experimental sessions).
Pre-experimental session. In the first session, the participants completed the socio-demographic data and then carried out a Stroop test training session, before receiving a theoretical physical education class, in order to prevent a possible "learning effect" in test performance. The participants performed a minimum of 2 attempts of each page. When the participants made two attempts with a variability of intra-page hits below 5% with regard to the previous attempt, the training session ended. Thus, the researchers respected individual variability in learning the test. Prior studies have also used this percentage of intra-variability as an indication of stable performance in cognitive inhibition tests 24. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that the intra-class correlation coefficient of the test in the paper-and-pencil version in Spanish is high when comparing different temporal measures in the same population.
Experimental sessions. The other three sessions consisted of: (a) a 20-min theoretical physical education session, without a physical component, in which the students answered questions about theoretical concepts of training; (b) a session of physical activity of light and moderate intensity, structured as follows: a 5-min warm-up, 20 min of predominantly light and moderate physical activity, and a 5-min cool-off; and (c) a session of physical activity of predominantly moderate and vigorous intensity, with the same structure as before. There was a one-week interval between the sessions. The physical activity sessions were based on aerobics class directed by an instructor.
The duration of the main part of the sessions was established from previous recommendations, which indicate that, for acute sessions of physical activity, the greatest cognitive benefits are obtained with durations of about 20 minutes.
Before and after each session, the adolescents completed the instruments that measured psychological well-being and cognitive interference. The data were collected 15 minutes after the end of each session.
Control of the intensity of the exercise. To control the intensity of the sessions, in addition to measures with accelerometry in each session, the investigators performed a pilot study with 5 adolescents in which they adjusted the intensity of the exercises and the recovery times to ensure that they fulfilled the goals of the session. For this purpose, the investigators used simple aerobic exercises that do not pose any coordination difficulties, and the students followed a monitor's instructions. After adapting the sessions, they were performed in the experimental situation.
The investigators calculated the intensity of the sessions with accelerometry. The investigators used tri-axial GT3X accelerometers that each of the participants wore while performing sessions "b" and "c". The students were shown how to put on and use the accelerometer before beginning the sessions 30. The frequency of time storage was a 1-second "epoch". The investigators ignored periods of use fewer than 15 epochs, and periods of no activity of longer than 1 minute were eliminated from the analysis. The software used for data treatment was ActiLife 6 (Actigraph, Actilife version 6.11.5) and to define the type of activity (light/moderate and moderate/vigorous), the investigators used the cutpoints defined by 31. The investigators chose this author because he clearly and concisely defines the cutpoints as a function of concrete ages. The specific criteria for each age are found in the SAS code available at http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/nhanes_pam/ (National Cancer Institute).
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Todellinen)
Vaihe
- Ei sovellettavissa
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Opiskelupaikat
-
-
Alicante
-
Elche, Alicante, Espanja, 03202
- Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
-
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Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Sukupuolet, jotka voivat opiskella
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adolescents participants in official Physical Education studies
Exclusion Criteria:
- They must be authorized by their parents.
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Hoito
- Jako: Ei käytössä
- Inventiomalli: Yksittäinen ryhmätehtävä
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
---|---|
Kokeellinen: Cognitive Study
Cognitive Responses was analyzed after different intensities physical exercise sessions.
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Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
---|---|---|
Cognitive Inhibition Interference Index
Aikaikkuna: 5 minutes after exercise session
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A pen and papel Stroop Test meassure
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5 minutes after exercise session
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Subjective Vitality
Aikaikkuna: 5 minutes after exercise session
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Perception of Vitality by Subjective Vitality Questionaire, The questionnaire is made up of 7 items that indicate how the person feels at that moment (e.g., "I am full of energy").
The responses are rated on an 8-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 7 (very true).
|
5 minutes after exercise session
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Affect
Aikaikkuna: 5 minutes after exercise session
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Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Four of the items represent feelings associated with Positive Affect (glad, happy, content, amused), and five of them represent Negative Affect (depressed, worried, frustrated, angry, unhappy).
The responses are rated on an 8-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 7 (extremely).
|
5 minutes after exercise session
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Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Todellinen)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Opintojen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
Lisää tietoa
Tähän tutkimukseen liittyvät termit
Muut tutkimustunnusnumerot
- DPS.EC.02.16
Yksittäisten osallistujien tietojen suunnitelma (IPD)
Aiotko jakaa yksittäisten osallistujien tietoja (IPD)?
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