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SPSIP-blok versus SAP-blok voor post-VATS-pijn

29 september 2026 bijgewerkt door: AHMET AKSU, Firat University

Vergelijking van het Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostale Vlakblok en het Serratus Anterior Vlakblok voor Pijnmanagement na Video-geassisteerde Thoracoscopische Chirurgie

Comparison of Superior Serratus Posterior Intercostal Plane Block and Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Pain Management Following Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Introduction Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is associated with lower postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and better preservation of pulmonary function compared with conventional thoracotomy, owing to its minimally invasive nature. Although VATS was initially performed using a multi-port technique, it has evolved into a single-port approach, reflecting advances in surgical techniques and equipment. In Uniportal VATS, limiting surgical trauma to a single intercostal space may reduce the risk of chronic postoperative pain by decreasing intercostal nerve damage.

Because inadequate pain control after VATS may predispose patients to developing chronic post-thoracotomy pain syndrome (PTPS), effective postoperative analgesia is critically important. Therefore, regional analgesic techniques are recommended as part of multimodal analgesia. PROSPECT guidelines do not recommend the routine use of thoracic epidural analgesia for VATS, despite its effectiveness, because of its invasiveness; instead, they emphasize peripheral blocks such as paravertebral block and erector spinae plane block.

Although not included among first-line analgesic interventions in PROSPECT guidelines, the serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a widely used and well-established technique in thoracic surgery. In addition, the superior serratus posterior intercostal plane block (SPSIPB) is gaining attention in VATS surgery because of its analgesic effect covering the C3-T10 dermatomes.

Although there are studies in the literature comparing SAPB with different regional techniques, direct comparisons with SPSIPB are limited. Therefore, this prospective observational cohort study aimed to compare postoperative analgesic outcomes in patients undergoing uniportal VATS who received either ultrasound-guided SPSIPB or SAPB, with the block type selected by the attending anesthesiologist as part of routine clinical care.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

This single-center prospective observational cohort study included adult patients undergoing elective uniportal VATS who received an ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) or serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block (SPSIPB) for postoperative analgesia. Patients were not randomized; the block type was selected by the attending anesthesiologist as part of routine clinical care. All blocks were performed with 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine at the end of surgery. Postoperative pain scores and rescue analgesic use were recorded in routine observation forms by recovery unit and ward nurses who were not informed of the block type. Postoperative analgesia followed a standard multimodal protocol, with 50 mg intravenous tramadol given as rescue analgesia when the resting NRS score was 4 or higher.

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

80

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

  • Turkije (Türkiye)
      • Elâzığ, Turkije (Türkiye), 23100
        • Fırat University Faculty of Medicine Hospital

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

18 jaar tot 65 jaar (Volwassen, Oudere volwassene)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Allemaal

Bemonsteringsmethode

Niet-waarschijnlijkheidssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

Adult patients undergoing elective uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery at Firat University Hospital who received either a serratus anterior plane block or a serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block for postoperative analgesia as part of routine care.

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • aged 18-65 years,
  • with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I-III,
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) < 35 kg/m²,
  • and who read and signed the informed consent form were included.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • inability to communicate in Turkish, refusal to consent,
  • inability to use the numerical pain rating scale (NRS),
  • allergy to local anesthetics or study-specific analgesics;
  • pregnancy or breastfeeding;
  • uncontrolled anxiety or substance dependence;
  • history of thoracic surgery,
  • trauma,
  • neuromuscular or peripheral nerve disorders;
  • diabetes mellitus,
  • hepatic or renal insufficiency,
  • coagulation disorders;
  • chronic opioid or steroid use;
  • widespread pain;
  • anticoagulant therapy;
  • infection at the block application site;
  • early termination of surgery;
  • absence of planned postoperative extubation.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Observatiemodellen: COHORT
  • Tijdsperspectieven: PROSPECTIVE

Cohorten en interventies

Groep / Cohort
Interventie / Behandeling
Serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block Group

Patients who received an ultrasound-guided serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block (30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine) at the end of uniportal VATS for postoperative analgesia. The block type was selected by the attending anesthesiologist as part of routine clinical care; patients were not randomized.
Procedure: Serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block

The procedure was performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. After a slight lateral displacement of the scapula, the scapular spine was visualized with ultrasound, and the probe was moved medially. After locating the tip of the scapular spine, the probe was placed sagittally at the superior angle of the scapula, and the third rib was visualized. The block needle was advanced craniocaudally and placed between the posterior superior serratus muscle and the third rib. Hydrodissection was performed with an injection of 2 mL of saline to confirm block needle placement. After confirming the block site, 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was injected.
Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) group

Patients who received an ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine) at the end of uniportal VATS for postoperative analgesia. The block type was selected by the attending anesthesiologist as part of routine clinical care; patients were not randomized.
Procedure: Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) group

The block was performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. Ultrasound-guided SAPB was performed by the same anesthesiologist with over three years of experience in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia, using a high-frequency linear probe (LOGIQ e Ultrasound, GE HealthCare, United States). The probe was positioned parallel to the mid-axillary line, and the ribs were readily identified as hyperechogenic lines. The fifth rib was identified in the mid-axillary line. Using an in-plane technique, the needle was placed in the myofascial plane between the serratus anterior muscle and the fifth rib, and 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was injected.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
To determine the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided SPSIP block versus SAP block after VATS using postoperative NRS pain scores.
Tijdsspanne: NRS scores will be assessed upon admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (0 min), at 30 minutes, and at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively.

The NRS score is based on the patient rating their pain on a scale from 0 to 10. Zero indicates no pain, while 10 indicates the most severe pain possible.
NRS scores will be assessed upon admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (0 min), at 30 minutes, and at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
QoR-15 recovery score
Tijdsspanne: up to 48 hours

The QoR-15 (Quality of Recovery-15) scale is a patient-reported outcome questionnaire used to evaluate the quality of postoperative recovery. The QoR-15 consists of 15 items assessing five domains: pain, physical comfort, physical independence, psychological support, and emotional state. The total score ranges from 0 to 150, with higher scores indicating a better quality of recovery.
up to 48 hours
Time to first rescue analgesia
Tijdsspanne: up to 24 hours

The time to first rescue analgesia, defined as the time interval between recovery from anesthesia and the first administration of rescue analgesia (50 mg intravenous tramadol for NRS ≥4), was recorded and expressed in hours.
up to 24 hours
The total amount of rescue analgesic consumption
Tijdsspanne: up to 24 hours

The total amount of rescue analgesic consumption within the first 24 postoperative hours (mg) was also documented.
up to 24 hours
The incidence of block-related complications.
Tijdsspanne: up to 48 hours

block-related complications such as hematoma, paralysis, hypotension or other adverse events were recorded.
up to 48 hours

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Firat University

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Ahmet Aksu, MD, Firat University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

13 maart 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

1 augustus 2026

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

1 augustus 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

6 februari 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

11 maart 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

12 maart 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

2 oktober 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

29 september 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 september 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • 43757

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

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NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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