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Eye-Hand Cross-Dominance and Upper Extremity Performance in Volleyball Players

21. august 2026 oppdatert av: Kubra Kardes, Istinye University

Comparison of Upper Extremity Muscle Strength and Motor Performance Between Volleyball Players With and Without Crossed Eye-Hand Dominance

Eye and hand dominance may influence visuomotor coordination, motor control, and upper extremity performance in athletes. Crossed eye-hand dominance occurs when the dominant eye and dominant hand are located on opposite sides of the body. However, evidence regarding the relationship between crossed eye-hand dominance and upper extremity performance in volleyball players remains limited.

This observational cross-sectional study aims to compare upper extremity muscle strength and motor performance between volleyball players with and without crossed eye-hand dominance. Participants' eye and hand dominance will be determined using standardized assessments. Upper extremity muscle strength and motor performance outcomes will then be measured and compared between the two groups.

Studieoversikt

Status

Rekruttering

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Studietype

Observasjonsmessig

Registrering (Antatt)

30

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

      • Istanbul, Tyrkia (Türkiye), 34010
        • Rekruttering
        • Istinye University
        • Ta kontakt med:

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Ja

Prøvetakingsmetode

Sannsynlighetsprøve

Studiepopulasjon

Male and female volleyball players aged 18 to 30 years who have regularly participated in volleyball for at least three years and currently train at least three days per week will be recruited.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged between 18 and 30 years.
  • Male or female volleyball player.
  • At least three years of active volleyball participation.
  • Currently training at least three days per week.
  • No upper extremity injury within the previous six months.
  • Normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity with eyeglasses or contact lenses.
  • Willing to participate and able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History or presence of an acute or chronic musculoskeletal disorder that may affect study assessments.
  • Presence of a neurological or vestibular system disorder.
  • Presence of visual field loss, strabismus, or a severe refractive error that cannot be adequately corrected.
  • History of shoulder, elbow, or hand surgery within the previous six months.
  • Not currently participating regularly in volleyball or structured exercise.

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

Kohorter og intervensjoner

Gruppe / Kohort
Intervensjon / Behandling
Group 1: Volleyball Players With Crossed Eye-Hand Dominance
Volleyball players whose dominant eye and dominant hand are on opposite sides of the body. For example, right-eye dominance with left-hand dominance or left-eye dominance with right-hand dominance. Participants will undergo upper extremity muscle strength and motor performance assessments. No intervention will be administered.
Group 2: Volleyball Players Without Crossed Eye-Hand Dominance
Volleyball players whose dominant eye and dominant hand are on the same side of the body. For example, right-eye dominance with right-hand dominance or left-eye dominance with left-hand dominance. Participants will undergo the same upper extremity muscle strength and motor performance assessments. No intervention will be administered.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Dominant Eye
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Eye dominance will be determined using the Miles Test. The participant will focus on a distant target with both eyes open and will then close each eye separately. The eye with which the target remains centered will be classified as the dominant eye. Eye dominance will be used with hand dominance to classify participants as having crossed or non-crossed eye-hand dominance.
4 weeks
Bilateral Shoulder Muscle Strength
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Bilateral shoulder flexion, extension, and abduction muscle strength will be measured using a validated handheld myometer. Measurements will be recorded separately for the right and left sides. Higher force values indicate greater shoulder muscle strength, whereas lower values indicate lower muscle strength.
4 weeks
Bilateral Elbow Muscle Strength
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Bilateral elbow flexion and extension muscle strength will be measured using a validated handheld myometer. Measurements will be recorded separately for the right and left sides. Higher force values indicate greater elbow muscle strength, whereas lower values indicate lower muscle strength.
4 weeks
Bilateral Handgrip Strength
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Handgrip strength will be measured bilaterally using a digital hand dynamometer. Three measurements will be performed for each hand, and the mean value will be recorded. Higher values indicate greater handgrip strength, whereas lower values indicate lower handgrip strength.
4 weeks
Hand-Eye Coordination
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Hand-eye coordination will be assessed using the Alternate-Hand Wall Toss Test. The participant will throw a ball against a wall with one hand, catch it with the opposite hand, and repeat the sequence by alternating hands. The total number of successful throws and catches completed within 30 seconds will be recorded. A higher number indicates better hand-eye coordination and motor performance, whereas a lower number indicates poorer performance.
4 weeks

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Medicine Ball Throw Distance
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Upper extremity explosive power will be assessed using the Medicine Ball Throw Test. The participant will sit with the back supported against a wall and the legs extended and will throw the medicine ball as far as possible. The longest valid throwing distance will be recorded in meters. A longer distance indicates greater upper extremity explosive power.
4 weeks
Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Score
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Upper extremity functional stability, strength, power, and endurance will be assessed using the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test. The participant will assume a push-up position with the hands placed on two markers positioned 90 centimeters apart. The total number of valid alternating touches performed within the specified test period will be recorded. A higher number of touches indicates better upper extremity functional performance and stability.
4 weeks
Scapular Muscular Endurance Time
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Scapular stabilizer muscle endurance will be assessed using the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test. An appropriately sized wooden rod will be positioned between the participant's elbows while the scapulae are maintained in a neutral position. The duration for which the participant can maintain the standardized position will be recorded in seconds. A longer duration indicates greater scapular muscular endurance.
4 weeks
Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Reach Distance
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Upper extremity and trunk balance, mobility, and stability will be assessed using the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test. Testing will begin with the non-dominant hand as the reaching hand. Maximum reach distances in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions will be recorded. Greater reach distances and higher composite scores indicate better upper extremity dynamic balance and functional stability.
4 weeks
Light-Based Reaction Time
Tidsramme: 4 weeks
Reaction time and neuromuscular control will be assessed using the BlazePod light-based reaction system. Participants will respond to randomly activated visual stimuli according to a standardized testing protocol. Reaction time will be recorded in milliseconds. A shorter reaction time indicates faster visual-motor responses, whereas a longer reaction time indicates slower responses.
4 weeks

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

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Sponsor

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Antatt)

30. august 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

15. november 2026

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

30. november 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

21. august 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

21. august 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

25. august 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

25. august 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

21. august 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. august 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • 2026/01

Legemiddel- og utstyrsinformasjon, studiedokumenter

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert medikamentprodukt

Nei

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert enhetsprodukt

Nei

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