Eye-Hand Cross-Dominance and Upper Extremity Performance in Volleyball Players
21 de agosto de 2026 actualizado por: Kubra Kardes, Istinye University
Comparison of Upper Extremity Muscle Strength and Motor Performance Between Volleyball Players With and Without Crossed Eye-Hand Dominance
Eye and hand dominance may influence visuomotor coordination, motor control, and upper extremity performance in athletes. Crossed eye-hand dominance occurs when the dominant eye and dominant hand are located on opposite sides of the body. However, evidence regarding the relationship between crossed eye-hand dominance and upper extremity performance in volleyball players remains limited.
This observational cross-sectional study aims to compare upper extremity muscle strength and motor performance between volleyball players with and without crossed eye-hand dominance. Participants' eye and hand dominance will be determined using standardized assessments. Upper extremity muscle strength and motor performance outcomes will then be measured and compared between the two groups.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Estado
Reclutamiento
Condiciones
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Intervención / Tratamiento
Tipo de estudio
Tipo de estudio
De observación
Inscripción (Estimado)
Inscripción
30
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Estudio Contacto
Estudio Contacto
- Nombre: Kubra Kardes, Asst. Prof.
- Número de teléfono: 05387115631
- Correo electrónico: kubrakoce@gmail.com
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Istanbul, Turquía (Türkiye), 34010
- Reclutamiento
- Istinye University
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Contacto:
- Kubra Kardes, Asst.Prof
- Número de teléfono: 05387115631
- Correo electrónico: kubrakoce@gmail.com
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Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Sí
Método de muestreo
Muestra de probabilidad
Población de estudio
Male and female volleyball players aged 18 to 30 years who have regularly participated in volleyball for at least three years and currently train at least three days per week will be recruited.
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Aged between 18 and 30 years.
- Male or female volleyball player.
- At least three years of active volleyball participation.
- Currently training at least three days per week.
- No upper extremity injury within the previous six months.
- Normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity with eyeglasses or contact lenses.
- Willing to participate and able to provide written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- History or presence of an acute or chronic musculoskeletal disorder that may affect study assessments.
- Presence of a neurological or vestibular system disorder.
- Presence of visual field loss, strabismus, or a severe refractive error that cannot be adequately corrected.
- History of shoulder, elbow, or hand surgery within the previous six months.
- Not currently participating regularly in volleyball or structured exercise.
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
Número de grupos/cohortes
2
Cohortes e Intervenciones
Grupo / CohorteGrupo / Cohorte |
Intervención / TratamientoIntervención / Tratamiento |
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Group 1: Volleyball Players With Crossed Eye-Hand Dominance
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Volleyball players whose dominant eye and dominant hand are on opposite sides of the body.
For example, right-eye dominance with left-hand dominance or left-eye dominance with right-hand dominance.
Participants will undergo upper extremity muscle strength and motor performance assessments.
No intervention will be administered.
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Group 2: Volleyball Players Without Crossed Eye-Hand Dominance
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Volleyball players whose dominant eye and dominant hand are on the same side of the body.
For example, right-eye dominance with right-hand dominance or left-eye dominance with left-hand dominance.
Participants will undergo the same upper extremity muscle strength and motor performance assessments.
No intervention will be administered.
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Dominant Eye
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Eye dominance will be determined using the Miles Test.
The participant will focus on a distant target with both eyes open and will then close each eye separately.
The eye with which the target remains centered will be classified as the dominant eye.
Eye dominance will be used with hand dominance to classify participants as having crossed or non-crossed eye-hand dominance.
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4 weeks
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Bilateral Shoulder Muscle Strength
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Bilateral shoulder flexion, extension, and abduction muscle strength will be measured using a validated handheld myometer.
Measurements will be recorded separately for the right and left sides.
Higher force values indicate greater shoulder muscle strength, whereas lower values indicate lower muscle strength.
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4 weeks
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Bilateral Elbow Muscle Strength
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Bilateral elbow flexion and extension muscle strength will be measured using a validated handheld myometer.
Measurements will be recorded separately for the right and left sides.
Higher force values indicate greater elbow muscle strength, whereas lower values indicate lower muscle strength.
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4 weeks
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Bilateral Handgrip Strength
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Handgrip strength will be measured bilaterally using a digital hand dynamometer.
Three measurements will be performed for each hand, and the mean value will be recorded.
Higher values indicate greater handgrip strength, whereas lower values indicate lower handgrip strength.
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4 weeks
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Hand-Eye Coordination
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Hand-eye coordination will be assessed using the Alternate-Hand Wall Toss Test.
The participant will throw a ball against a wall with one hand, catch it with the opposite hand, and repeat the sequence by alternating hands.
The total number of successful throws and catches completed within 30 seconds will be recorded.
A higher number indicates better hand-eye coordination and motor performance, whereas a lower number indicates poorer performance.
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4 weeks
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Medicine Ball Throw Distance
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Upper extremity explosive power will be assessed using the Medicine Ball Throw Test.
The participant will sit with the back supported against a wall and the legs extended and will throw the medicine ball as far as possible.
The longest valid throwing distance will be recorded in meters.
A longer distance indicates greater upper extremity explosive power.
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4 weeks
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Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Score
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Upper extremity functional stability, strength, power, and endurance will be assessed using the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test.
The participant will assume a push-up position with the hands placed on two markers positioned 90 centimeters apart.
The total number of valid alternating touches performed within the specified test period will be recorded.
A higher number of touches indicates better upper extremity functional performance and stability.
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4 weeks
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Scapular Muscular Endurance Time
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Scapular stabilizer muscle endurance will be assessed using the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test.
An appropriately sized wooden rod will be positioned between the participant's elbows while the scapulae are maintained in a neutral position.
The duration for which the participant can maintain the standardized position will be recorded in seconds.
A longer duration indicates greater scapular muscular endurance.
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4 weeks
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Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Reach Distance
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Upper extremity and trunk balance, mobility, and stability will be assessed using the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test.
Testing will begin with the non-dominant hand as the reaching hand.
Maximum reach distances in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions will be recorded.
Greater reach distances and higher composite scores indicate better upper extremity dynamic balance and functional stability.
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4 weeks
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Light-Based Reaction Time
Periodo de tiempo: 4 weeks
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Reaction time and neuromuscular control will be assessed using the BlazePod light-based reaction system.
Participants will respond to randomly activated visual stimuli according to a standardized testing protocol.
Reaction time will be recorded in milliseconds.
A shorter reaction time indicates faster visual-motor responses, whereas a longer reaction time indicates slower responses.
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4 weeks
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Patrocinador
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Estimado)
Inicio del estudio
30 de agosto de 2026
Finalización primaria (Estimado)
Finalización primaria
15 de noviembre de 2026
Finalización del estudio (Estimado)
Finalización del estudio
30 de noviembre de 2026
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
Enviado por primera vez
21 de agosto de 2026
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
21 de agosto de 2026
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Publicado por primera vez
25 de agosto de 2026
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
Última actualización publicada
25 de agosto de 2026
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
21 de agosto de 2026
Última verificación
Última verificación
1 de agosto de 2026
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Otros números de identificación del estudio
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- 2026/01
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
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