Microwave Radiometry Thermometry for the Diagnosis of Critical Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Patients

April 14, 2020 updated by: Stavros Spiliopoulos, Attikon Hospital

Microwave Radiometry Thermometry for Non-invasive Diagnosis of Arterial Disease in Diabetic Patients With Suspected Critical Limb Ischemia: A Multi-centre Feasibility Study

Diagnosis of vascular involvement in diabetic foot disease remains challenging. Differential diagnosis between pure neuropathic or neuro-ischemic diabetic foot requires a combination of clinical examination, medical history and ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement, which is considered the "gold standard" non-invasive modality for limb ischemia diagnosis. However, in diabetic patients with suspected arterial ischemia resulting in tissue loss (critical limb ischemia; CLI), false negative ABI results are frequent due to Monckeberg medial sclerosis producing incompressible vessels, while clinical signs are subjective and not accurate in posing definite diagnosis of CLI.

The investigators conducted a proof of concept study of the feasibility of microwave radiometry thermometry for non-invasive diagnosis of CLI in diabetic patients with tissue loss.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This is a prospective, multi-centre, trial designed to investigate the he feasibility and efficacy of microwave radiometry thermometry for non-invasive diagnosis of CLI in diabetic patients with tissue loss. The study included 80 patients, equally divided in four groups. Group N: normal subjects; group DN: diabetic patients with verified neuropathic ulcers without vascular involvement; group DC: diabetic patients with CLI and group NDC: non-diabetic patients with CLI. All patients underwent MWR with the RTM -01-RES device (University of Bolton, UK) to record the mean internal tissue temperature of the foot. MWR is based on the principle that the intensity of radiation is proportional to tissue temperature. The specific device is not commercially available and has been developed to detect temperatures from internal tissues at microwave frequencies. Foot temperature measurements were performed as near as possible at the site of ulceration in patients of groups DN, DC and NDC and in various sites in subjects of control group N.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
80

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Greece
    • Achaia
      • Rio, Achaia, Greece, 26500
        • Patras University Hospital
    • Attiki
      • Athens, Attiki, Greece, 12461
        • ATTIKO University General Hospital
  • United Kingdom
      • Bolton, United Kingdom, BL3 5AB
        • Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 90 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients suffering from both insulin and not insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
  • Critical limb ischemia verified by both clinical examination, haemodynamic tests and digital subtraction angiography.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Uncertainty regarding the absence of peripheral arterial disease in groups N and DN.
  • Uncertainty regarding the diagnosis of critical limb ischemia for patients in groups DC and NDC.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Group N
Healthy volunteers without peripheral arterial disease according to clinical examination and Duplex ultrasound
Other: Tissue thermometry using non-invasive microwave radiometry device
In Patients included in the four study groups underwent non-invasive tissue thermometry using microwave radiometry (MWR) device, at the same room temperature and with the same methodology. Specifically, the probe of the RTM-01-RES (University of Bolton, UK) device was by applied on the surface of the foot tissue at an angle of 90o degrees for approximately 8 to 10 seconds in pre-determined sites. Measurements were performed by two independent operators. Three measurements were taken from each site. The mean value of the three values calculated by the 2 different operators was used for the analysis. Measurements were recorded using a dedicated software.
Experimental: Group DN
Patients suffering from diabetes and diabetic foot without vascular compromise according to clinical assessment continuous-wave Doppler and Duplex ultrasound
Other: Tissue thermometry using non-invasive microwave radiometry device
In Patients included in the four study groups underwent non-invasive tissue thermometry using microwave radiometry (MWR) device, at the same room temperature and with the same methodology. Specifically, the probe of the RTM-01-RES (University of Bolton, UK) device was by applied on the surface of the foot tissue at an angle of 90o degrees for approximately 8 to 10 seconds in pre-determined sites. Measurements were performed by two independent operators. Three measurements were taken from each site. The mean value of the three values calculated by the 2 different operators was used for the analysis. Measurements were recorded using a dedicated software.
Experimental: Group DC
Diabetic patients with Rutherford-Becker 5 or 6 critical limb ischemia, verified by clinical examination, abnormal continuous-wave Doppler or Duplex ultrasound and intra-arterial angiography.
Other: Tissue thermometry using non-invasive microwave radiometry device
In Patients included in the four study groups underwent non-invasive tissue thermometry using microwave radiometry (MWR) device, at the same room temperature and with the same methodology. Specifically, the probe of the RTM-01-RES (University of Bolton, UK) device was by applied on the surface of the foot tissue at an angle of 90o degrees for approximately 8 to 10 seconds in pre-determined sites. Measurements were performed by two independent operators. Three measurements were taken from each site. The mean value of the three values calculated by the 2 different operators was used for the analysis. Measurements were recorded using a dedicated software.
Experimental: Group NDC
Non diabetic patients with Rutherford-Becker 5 or 6 critical limb ischemia, verified by clinical examination, abnormal continuous-wave Doppler or Duplex ultrasound and intra-arterial angiography.
Other: Tissue thermometry using non-invasive microwave radiometry device
In Patients included in the four study groups underwent non-invasive tissue thermometry using microwave radiometry (MWR) device, at the same room temperature and with the same methodology. Specifically, the probe of the RTM-01-RES (University of Bolton, UK) device was by applied on the surface of the foot tissue at an angle of 90o degrees for approximately 8 to 10 seconds in pre-determined sites. Measurements were performed by two independent operators. Three measurements were taken from each site. The mean value of the three values calculated by the 2 different operators was used for the analysis. Measurements were recorded using a dedicated software.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Mean foot tissue temperature
Time Frame: 15 minutes
15 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Attikon Hospital

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
University Hospital of Patras
Bolton Research Foundation

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Elias Brountzos, MD, PhD, ATTIKO University General Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 1, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 1, 2016

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 21, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 22, 2016

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 23, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 15, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 14, 2020

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • EBΔ 1310/10-2-16

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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