Parent Engagement Package: Comparing Strategies for Engaging Parents Into Parenting Programs

August 8, 2019 updated by: Emily Winslow PhD, Arizona State University

Effectiveness Trial of Methods for Engaging Parents Into Parenting Interventions

This study tests the effectiveness of different strategies for engaging parents into an evidence-based parenting skills intervention, the Triple P Positive Parenting Program, offered universally to parents of children attending one of six public elementary schools.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Parenting skills programs have been shown to help prevent youth substance use and mental health disorders. Unfortunately, few parents participate in parenting programs when given the opportunity. Thus, developing effective strategies to increase engagement in effective preventive parenting interventions is essential for these programs to have a significant public health impact. The purpose of this study is to identify parent engagement strategies that increase participation in effective parenting programs and consequently improve parenting practices and children's well-being.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
854

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Arizona
      • Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287-6005
        • Arizona State University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Is a caregiver of a child in kindergarten, 1st, 2nd or 3rd grade at a participating school (i.e.,"target child");
  • The target child lives with the caregiver at least half of the time;
  • The caregiver speaks English or Spanish;
  • The caregiver is listed as one of the target child's parents/guardians in the school's records.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • The target child is in a self-contained classroom due to cognitive or emotional disabilities;
  • The caregiver is a kindergarten, 1st, 2nd or 3rd grade teacher at a participating school;
  • The target child attended one of the participating schools during a previous cohort of the study;
  • The caregiver is participating in a competing parenting program at the school, the "Intensive Family Literacy program".

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Enrollment Flyer
Participants in this condition received one of the strategies in the Parent Engagement Package: an enrollment flyer that provided information about the Triple P Positive Parenting Program being offered at their child's school, including the location of meetings, free childcare, topics covered, choice of days/times and English or Spanish groups, and an enrollment form. Parents who returned the enrollment form received automated text, email and/or phone reminders and a confirmation letter prior to each parenting program session.
Other: Enrollment Flyer
Enrollment flyer that provided information about the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and an enrollment form.
Experimental: Enrollment Flyer & Testimonial Booklet
Participants in this condition received two of the strategies in the Parent Engagement Package: the enrollment flyer plus a two-page, testimonial booklet that included photos and quotes from parents and children describing benefits other parents reported after participating in the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and fun activities children reported about the childcare. The booklet also contained the location of meetings, free childcare, choice of days/times and English or Spanish groups, and an enrollment form.
Other: Enrollment Flyer
Enrollment flyer that provided information about the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and an enrollment form.
Other: Testimonial Booklet
Booklet that included quotes and photos from parents who had previously participated in the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and/or their children who participated in the free childcare, as well as an enrollment form.
Experimental: Enrollment Flyer & Teacher Endorsement
Participants in this condition received two of the strategies in the Parent Engagement Package: the enrollment flyer plus a teacher endorsement of the Triple P Positive Parenting Program. The teacher also gave the participant a colorful brochure that included information about the location of meetings, free childcare, topics covered, choice of days/times and English or Spanish groups, and an enrollment form.
Other: Enrollment Flyer
Enrollment flyer that provided information about the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and an enrollment form.
Other: Teacher Endorsement
Brief conversation between the parent and their child's teacher in which the teacher told the parent about the benefits of participating in the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and recommended that the parent attend. The teacher also gave the parent a brochure that gave information about the Triple P program and an enrollment form.
Experimental: Enrollment Flyer & Engagement Call
Participants in this condition received two of the strategies in the Parent Engagement Package: the enrollment flyer plus an engagement call from a Triple P provider. Providers followed a manualized protocol for implementing the engagement call, which included strategies to increase parental motivation to participate in Triple P and reduce barriers to participation.
Other: Enrollment Flyer
Enrollment flyer that provided information about the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and an enrollment form.
Other: Provider Engagement Call
This was a manualized, 15-minute call from the Triple P Positive Parenting Program provider to a parent in which the provider elicited the parent's child-focused goals and showed how the parent's goals could be addressed by Triple P. The provider also helped the parent anticipate and problem solve possible barriers to attendance.
Experimental: All Engagement Strategies
Participants in this condition received all engagement strategies in the Parent Engagement Package: enrollment flyer, testimonial booklet, teacher endorsement, and provider engagement call.
Other: Enrollment Flyer
Enrollment flyer that provided information about the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and an enrollment form.
Other: Testimonial Booklet
Booklet that included quotes and photos from parents who had previously participated in the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and/or their children who participated in the free childcare, as well as an enrollment form.
Other: Teacher Endorsement
Brief conversation between the parent and their child's teacher in which the teacher told the parent about the benefits of participating in the Triple P Positive Parenting Program and recommended that the parent attend. The teacher also gave the parent a brochure that gave information about the Triple P program and an enrollment form.
Other: Provider Engagement Call
This was a manualized, 15-minute call from the Triple P Positive Parenting Program provider to a parent in which the provider elicited the parent's child-focused goals and showed how the parent's goals could be addressed by Triple P. The provider also helped the parent anticipate and problem solve possible barriers to attendance.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Parenting Intervention Attendance
Time Frame: Attendance at the Triple P Positive Parenting Program was collected once per week for 8 weeks
Number of sessions a caregiver from a student's family attended the parenting intervention, the Triple P Positive Parenting Program
Attendance at the Triple P Positive Parenting Program was collected once per week for 8 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Parenting Intervention Enrollment
Time Frame: from the date engagement strategies commenced until the date the Triple P Positive Parenting Program began, up to 7 weeks
Whether or not a family enrolled in the Triple P Positive Parenting Program by completing an enrollment form.
from the date engagement strategies commenced until the date the Triple P Positive Parenting Program began, up to 7 weeks
Parenting Intervention Homework Completion
Time Frame: collected once per week for 7 weeks, at the beginning of each Triple P Positive Parenting Program sessions 2 through 8
caregiver report of completion of Triple P Positive Parenting Program assignments between sessions
collected once per week for 7 weeks, at the beginning of each Triple P Positive Parenting Program sessions 2 through 8
Parenting Intervention Session Involvement
Time Frame: collected once per week for 8 weeks, after each Triple P Positive Parenting Program session
group leader reports of the extent to which a caregiver actively participated in each Triple P Positive Parenting Program session attended
collected once per week for 8 weeks, after each Triple P Positive Parenting Program session
Child Behavior Problems
Time Frame: collected at baseline and at Triple P post-test, an average of 7 months after baseline
parent and teacher reports of child behavior problem frequency and intensity
collected at baseline and at Triple P post-test, an average of 7 months after baseline
Parenting Skills
Time Frame: collected at baseline and at Triple P post-test, an average of 7 months after baseline
parent report of parenting warmth and discipline
collected at baseline and at Triple P post-test, an average of 7 months after baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Arizona State University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Mesa Public Schools

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Emily B Winslow, Ph.D., Arizona State University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 1, 2013

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 1, 2017

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 17, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 8, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 10, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 9, 2019

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 8, 2019

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • STUDY00001365
  • R01DA033352 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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