Intravenous Buprenorphine Versus Morphine for Severe Pain in the Emergency Department

October 17, 2017 updated by: David Duong, Alameda Health System
This study evaluates intravenous (IV) buprenorphine versus IV morphine for the management of severe, acute pain among emergency department (ED) patients. ED patients with severe pain will be randomized in equal proportion to receive IV buprenorphine or IV morphine.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Unknown

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Buprenorphine is classified as a partial mu opioid agonist and a weak kappa antagonist. In lower doses, buprenorphine has an analgesic potency 25 to 40 times more potent than similar milligram dosages of morphine. Consistent with its partial agonist activity, an apparent ceiling effect for opioid-induced ventilatory impairment has been demonstrated. These properties would suggest that buprenorphine is an effective analgesic with a favorable safety profile.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine if there is a clinically significant difference in reduction of pain scores, measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), between intravenous (IV) buprenorphine and IV morphine for severe pain in patients presenting to the Alameda Health System--Highland Hospital ED. The investigators are evaluating if IV buprenorphine is non-inferior to IV morphing. The investigators hypothesize that buprenorphine will provide equivalent analgesic effects as morphine at 60 minutes, with a lower proportion of medication adverse effects.

Study Design: This is a double-blinded, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial comparing the analgesic efficacy of intravenous buprenorphine versus intravenous morphine for ED patients presenting with severe, acute pain.

Participants: ED patients aged ≥18 years old who present with severe (pain NRS ≥7), acute pain warranting (according the treating provider's judgment) and able to receive IV opioid analgesia. The investigators will exclude pregnant patients, patients deemed too critically ill by the provider, patients with allergy to buprenorphine or morphine, patients in custody, patients on methadone, patients who have taken/received short acting opioid medications in the last 12 hours, and patients who have taken/received long acting opioid medication in the past 24 hours.

Intervention: In arm A, patients will receive IV Buprenorphine 0.3mg diluted to a volume of 10mL with NS in a plastic syringe administered over 3-5 minute. In arm B, patients will receive IV morphine 0.1mg/kg (max 10mg) over 3-5 minutes. In both arms, at 20 minutes the patient will be asked "would you like more pain medication?" If he/she answers "yes", then he/she will receive a second dose of the same amount of medication they previously received based on the randomized arm they were placed into. At the end of the study time, 60 minutes, the patient's ongoing pain management will be left to the attending physician caring for the patient in the ED.

Data Collection: For both arms, the patients' NRS pain scores and adverse effects will be queried at times 0, 10min, 20 min, 30min, 40min, 50 min, and 60 min. Demographic and comorbidity data points will be abstracted during or after the study's conclusion.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
122

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Oakland, California, United States, 94602

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • ED patients with acute pain NRS ≥7 warranting IV opioid analgesia (according to ED provider)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patient refusal

  • pregnancy

    • level 1 trauma patients
    • patients deemed critically ill by provider
    • patients in custody
    • patients on methadone
    • Patients who have received or taken any short acting opioid medication in the past 12 hours.
    • Patients who have received or taken any long acting opioid medication in the past 24 hours.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Buprenorphine
Patients will receive IV buprenorphine 0.3mg diluted to a volume of 10mL with NS in a plastic syringe administered over 3-5 minutes. At 20 minutes, the patient will be asked "would you like more pain medication?" If he/she answers "yes", then he/she will receive a second dose of IV buprenorphine 0.3mg.
Drug: Buprenorphine
buprenorphine 0.3mg IV
Active Comparator: Morphine
Patients will receive IV morphine 0.1mg/kg (max dose 8mg) diluted to a volume of 10mL with NS in a plastic syringe administered over 3-5 minutes. At 20 minutes, the patient will be asked "would you like more pain medication?" If he/she answers "yes", then he/she will receive a second dose of IV morphine 0.1mg/kg (max dose 8mg).
Drug: Morphine Sulfate
morphine 0.1 mg/kg IV (max 8mg per dose)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pain score difference at 60 minutes
Time Frame: 60 minutes
The difference in pain scores (measured by NRS) between the two arms at 60 minutes.
60 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pain score difference at 50 minutes
Time Frame: 50 minutes
The difference in pain scores (measured by NRS) between the two arms.
50 minutes
Pain score difference at 40 minutes
Time Frame: 40 minutes
The difference in pain scores (measured by NRS) between the two arms.
40 minutes
Pain score difference at 30 minutes
Time Frame: 30 minutes
The difference in pain scores (measured by NRS) between the two arms.
30 minutes
Pain score difference at 20 minutes
Time Frame: 20 minutes
The difference in pain scores (measured by NRS) between the two arms.
20 minutes
Pain score difference at 10 minutes
Time Frame: 10 minutes
The difference in pain scores (measured by NRS) between the two arms.
10 minutes
Adverse events
Time Frame: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes
Hypertension (SBP > 180) from documented vital signs,hypotension (SBP <90) from documented vital signs, hypoxia (oxygen saturation < 90%), respiratory depression (RR<8 or need for mechanical intervention), nausea, vomiting, symptoms of opiate withdrawal (diarrhea, abdominal pain, diaphoresis)
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes
Pain reduction
Time Frame: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes
Pain reduction at each time point. Measured by NRS (time 0) minus NRS (time x)
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes
Successful analgesia
Time Frame: 60 minutes
Proportion of patients with NRS < 3 at 60 minutes
60 minutes
Repeat dosing
Time Frame: 20 minutes
Proportion of patients requiring reducing of analgesia at 20 minutes
20 minutes
Summed Pain Intensity difference
Time Frame: 60 minutes
Measurement combining relief magnitude and duration in a single score
60 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Alameda Health System

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 26, 2017

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 1, 2018

Study Completion (Anticipated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 18, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 18, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 22, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 19, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 17, 2017

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • IRB17-04172B

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

Yes

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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