Enhancing Digitally Delivered Diabetes Education With Real-Time CGM

March 4, 2026 updated by: Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute

Enhancing Digitally Delivered Diabetes Education With Real-Time CGM: A Comparative Study in People With Type 2 Diabetes

The current research study will add continuous glucose monitoring devices to the evidence-based text messaging diabetes education program for patients with type 2 diabetes for 6 months. Results on the effectiveness of this intervention will be compared for non-insulin using patients.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The current research study seeks to investigate the impact of incorporating Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) into the evidence-based text messaging diabetes education program, Dulce Digital, focusing on individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) who are not on insulin therapy. This innovative approach stems from the rationale that real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can offer valuable insights into glycemic control, thereby enhancing diabetes self-management. In standard care, individuals with T2D, particularly those not on insulin, may not routinely have access to CGM devices. The CGM device, an integral part of recommended diabetes therapy, is FDA approved for use in all people with diabetes. However, reimbursement for CGM devices varies by health plans, and currently, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) does not reimburse for their use in non-insulin-using diabetes, except in cases of repeated severe hypoglycemia. Despite this, the investigators hypothesize that there are both clinical and financial benefits to providing a CGM device during diabetes self-management education for individuals with non-insulin-using T2D. This study aims to determine if adding a CGM device for this patient category yields significant benefits, contributing to the understanding of the potential advantages and informing future diabetes care practices.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
140

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
  • Are not currently using a CGM
  • Are not using insulin therapies
  • Speak English, Spanish or Arabic
  • Have A1c between 7.5% and 12.0% in last 90 days
  • Have a cellphone that can receive/send text messages and counts steps

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Are using insulin therapies
  • Are pregnant
  • Are currently using a CGM
  • Are currently participating in another diabetes-related study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: CGM Group
Participants will be provided continuous glucose monitors (Dexcom G7) to monitor blood glucose for the entire duration of this study (i.e., one new device every 10 days for a total of 18 devices to last up to 6 months).
Other: Dulce Digital Text Messaging Intervention

Text-based education support program:

  • Participants will receive text messages about diabetes and how to take care of diabetes and health. Participants will receive 2-3 messages every day for first 3 months, and then will slowly decrease over the last 3-months.
  • Participants will also receive text messages that will ask them to test their blood sugar and text back blood sugar reading.
Other: CGM Device
Participants will be provided continuous glucose monitors (Dexcom G7) to actively monitor blood glucose for the entire duration of this study (i.e., one new device every 10 days for a total of 18 devices to last up to 6 months). In addition, participants will attend an information session (group or individual; in-person or virtual) that will provide instructions on using continuous glucose monitors.
Other: Usual Care Blood Glucose Monitoring Group
Participants will use standard blood glucose monitoring devices that are covered by health insurance.
Other: Dulce Digital Text Messaging Intervention

Text-based education support program:

  • Participants will receive text messages about diabetes and how to take care of diabetes and health. Participants will receive 2-3 messages every day for first 3 months, and then will slowly decrease over the last 3-months.
  • Participants will also receive text messages that will ask them to test their blood sugar and text back blood sugar reading.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HbA1c
Time Frame: 6 months
Measures participants A1c using lab results provided from healthcare provider.
6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
CGM Metric Time in Range
Time Frame: 6 months
Measures the percentage of time a participant's blood glucose levels stay within the target range using CGM device.
6 months
CGM Metric Time above Range
Time Frame: 6 months
Measures the percentage of time a participant's blood glucose levels exceed the target range using CGM device.
6 months
CGM Metric Time Below Range
Time Frame: 6 months
Measures the percentage of time a participant's blood glucose levels fall below the target range using CGM device.
6 months
Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) Survey
Time Frame: 6 months
Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities Survey measures frequency and consistency of diabetes self-care activities during the past 7 days. Possible scores range from 0 (0 Days to 7 (7 Days). Higher scores indicate better compliance with diabetes self-care.
6 months
Diabetes Distress Scale
Time Frame: 6 months
The Diabetes Distress Scale measures four critical dimensions of diabetes distress for participants: emotional, burden, regimen distress, interpersonal distress and physical distress. Possible scores range from 1 (Not a Problem) to 6 (A Very Serious Problem) with higher scores indicating higher levels of diabetes-related distress.
6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Athena Philis-Tsimikas, MD, Scripps Health

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 3, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 30, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 30, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 28, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 28, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 6, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 6, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 4, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Dulce Digital CGM

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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