ADHD Remote Technology and ADHD Transition: Predicting and Preventing Negative Outcomes (ART-transition)

November 20, 2025 updated by: King's College London
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition affecting 5.9% of young people. Late adolescence can be a particularly challenging period for young people with ADHD, with major life transitions, new demands and increased expectations. This vulnerable phase also coincides with the transition from child and adolescent mental health care to adult ADHD services, where new UK data show that most young people with ADHD do not successfully transfer to adult services. Therefore, many young people with ADHD do not receive appropriate interventions at a time when they may need them most. Opportunities for intervention are currently not fully realised due to both the young people's disengagement from clinical services and our limited understanding of real-world targets for more holistic interventions. The current study seeks to address these needs using remote (not in-person) measurement technology (RMT). The MRC-funded project, ART-transition, will use the ADHD Remote Technology ('ART') assessment and monitoring assessments with young people with a diagnosis of ADHD aged 16-17 and the RADAR-base mobile-health platform to which it is linked. ART consists of active (e.g. questionnaires) and passive (e.g. sleep) smartphone app monitoring. In the study, the investigators will address three questions on the transition to adulthood for individuals with ADHD: what changes take place, what predicts them, and how can the investigators prevent negative outcomes and support healthy lifestyles? The investigators will remotely monitor 250 young people with ADHD over two years. The investigators will then co-design, with young people with ADHD, a prototype for a new ADHD-transition smartphone app. Our approach focuses on giving young people with ADHD greater autonomy in how they manage their ADHD, in collaboration with their clinician, and places the emphasis on modifiable environmental factors and the prevention of negative outcomes.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
500

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Community and secondary care clinics

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosis of DSM-5 ADHD
  • Aged 16-17
  • Able to give informed consent for participation
  • Willing and able to complete self-reported assessments via smartphone
  • Willing to use either their own compatible Android phone or a study Android - phone as their only smartphone during the data collection period
  • Willing to wear the wearable device during the data collection period

Exclusion criteria

  • Psychosis, currently experiencing a major depressive episode, mania, drug dependence in the last six months, or a major neurological disorder.
  • Recent contact with psychiatric acute care (admission, crisis team or liaison team (A&E) in the last six months
  • Any other major medical disease which might impact upon the patient's ability to participate in normal daily activities (e.g., due to hospitalisations)
  • Pregnancy
  • IQ < 70

Informant Inclusion Criteria:

  • A parent or guardian, as chosen by the participant with ADHD
  • Aged 18 or over
  • Willing and able to complete web-based questionnaires regarding the participant with ADHD

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Adolescents with ADHD
Informant
Parent or guardian of the individuals with ADHD

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
ADHD symptoms and functional impairment
Time Frame: Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
Barkley Adult ADHD Rating scale on symptoms and functional impairment (BAARS-IV)- Self Report. 29 items. For 18 items, individuals report the frequency with which they have experienced ADHD symptoms over the past two weeks on a four-point Likert Scale (0 = 'Never' or 'Rarely', 1 = 'Sometimes', 2 = 'Often', 3 = 'Very Often'). One item asks individuals to indicate the ages at which they first experienced symptoms. For the final 10 items, individuals report the extent to which their symptoms have interfered with their ability to function in various domains (e.g., home life or at work) on a four-point Likert Scale (0 = 'Never or Rarely', 1 = 'Sometimes', 2 = 'Often', 3 = 'Very Often').
Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
ADHD symptoms
Time Frame: Baseline and every day up to month 24
Non-validated daily ADHD symptom question. 1 item. Individuals report the extent to which ADHD symptoms affected their daily activities on a Likert Scale (1 = Not at all, 2 = Slightly, 3 = Somewhat, 4 = Quite a lot, 5 = A lot).
Baseline and every day up to month 24
Anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7)
Time Frame: Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
7-items. 4-point Likert scale indicating the frequency of experiencing items in the past two weeks (0 = 'Not at all', 1 = 'Several days', 2 = 'More than half the days', 3 = 'Nearly every day'). Higher scores indicate higher severity of anxiety symptoms.
Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire -8, PHQ-8, adapted)
Time Frame: Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
8-items. 4-point Likert scale indicating the frequency of experiencing items in the past two weeks (0 = 'Not at all', 1 = 'Several days', 2 = 'More than half the days, 3 = 'Nearly every day'). Higher scores indicate higher severity of depression symptoms.
Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
Aggression (Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire for Adults. RPQ-A, adapted)
Time Frame: Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
23 items, 3-point Likert scale rated from 0 to 2 (0 = 'Never', 1 = 'Sometimes', 2 = 'Often'), indicating the frequency of experiencing items in the past two weeks. Higher scores indicate increased aggression.
Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
Irritability - (Affective Reactivity Index self-report, ARI-s, adapted)
Time Frame: Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
7-item, 3-point Likert Scale rated from 0 to 3 (0 = 'Not True', 1 = 'Somewhat True', 2 = 'Certainly True') indicating frequency of experiencing symptoms in the past two weeks.
Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
Nicotine Dependence - The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence
Time Frame: Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
6-items. Four items are yes/no questions rated from 0 to 1, and two are multiple-choice questions rated from 0 to 3 on a 4-point Likert scale. A higher score is associated with more nicotine dependence.
Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
Alcohol Use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire, AUDIT)
Time Frame: Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
10 items, with a 4-point Likert scale rated from 0 to 3. A higher score is associated with more harmful or hazardous drinking.
Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24
Eating Disorders (Short Form of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, EDE-QS)
Time Frame: Baseline and every 6 months up to month 24
12 items. 10 items are questions about behaviours in the past seven days, rated on a scale from 0 to 3 for frequency (0 = 0 days, 1 = 1-2 days, 2 = 3-5 days, 3 = 6-7 days). 2 items are about self-perception over the past seven days, rated on a scale from 0 to 3 for extent (0 = Not at all, 1 = Slightly, 2 = Moderately, 3 = Markedly). A higher score is associated with more eating disorder behaviours.
Baseline and every 6 months up to month 24
Self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, RSES)
Time Frame: Baseline and every 6 months up to month 24
10 items. 4-point Likert scale format ('Strongly Agree', 'Agree', 'Disagree, 'Strongly Disagree'). Responses are assigned 1-4 points. Higher scores indicate higher self-esteem.
Baseline and every 6 months up to month 24
Social support and engagement with work/studies
Time Frame: Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24]
Non-validated questionnaire
Baseline and every 4 weeks up to month 24]
Healthy lifestyle behaviours and digital signals associated with changes in clinical symptoms
Time Frame: Continuously across a 24-month time period
Passive monitoring using the RADAR-BASE smartphone "Passive App" measuring digital signals of behaviour.
Continuously across a 24-month time period
Healthy lifestyle behaviours and digital signals associated with changes in clinical symptoms
Time Frame: Continuously across a 24-month time period
Passive monitoring using a Fitbit wearable device measuring sleep. Device sensors, including an accelerometer and a photoplethysmographic pulse oximeter, will be combined to calculate sleep duration.
Continuously across a 24-month time period
Healthy lifestyle behaviours and digital signals associated with changes in clinical symptoms
Time Frame: Continuously across a 24-month time period
Passive monitoring using a Fitbit wearable device measuring physical activity. Device sensors, including a gyroscope and an accelerometer, will be combined to calculate step count.
Continuously across a 24-month time period
Markers associated with clinical symptoms - cognitive measures
Time Frame: Baseline and every 6 months up to month 24
Continuous Performance Test/Go No-Go Task (Combined Task)
Baseline and every 6 months up to month 24
Markers associated with clinical symptoms - cognitive measures
Time Frame: Baseline and every 6 months up to month 24
Fast Task
Baseline and every 6 months up to month 24

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
King's College London

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Jonna Kuntsi, PhD, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 17, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 1, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 23, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 13, 2025

First Posted (Estimated)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 14, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 26, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 20, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 334427

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Not relevant

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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