IPP Placement & Intracavernosal Block (IPP)

May 22, 2026 updated by: Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Randomized Controlled Trial of Intracorporal Local Anesthesia vs Saline Prior to Placement of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement

The inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is the gold standard for surgical management of erectile dysfunction (ED) and there is no consensus on the best postoperative pain management regimen. In the wake of the opioid epidemic, postoperative pain management is heavily scrutinized. The National Institute of Health estimated over 81,000 individuals died following overdose of any opioids in 2022 alone; of these, over 14,000 deaths were linked to prescription opioids. Thus, strategies to minimize postoperative pain should not only improve patient experience but also lessen the need to escalate to opioid usage.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

It would be ideal to create an effective and easily reproducible approach to pain prevention and pain management in men undergoing IPP placement. One highly appealing target would be intracavernosal administration, as there would be no ambiguity regarding delivery of agent at the time of surgery. Thus far, no prospective randomized controlled trials have explored the efficacy of intracavernosal administration of local anesthetic for pain management.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
100

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Any patient undergoing primary three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement at Lexington Medical Center

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients undergoing revision and/or secondary IPP placement
  • Patients taking prescribed narcotic medications at the time of IPP surgery
  • Patients undergoing concomitant Peyronie's Disease surgery (modeling, plication, grafting) at the time of IPP surgery
  • Patients with liver and/or renal disease

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: Control Saline Arm
10cc of normal saline will be injected into each corporal body (left and right for a total of 20cc)
Experimental: Exparel/bupivacaine mixture Arm
10cc Exparel/bupivacaine mixture will be injected into each corporal body (left and right for a total of 20cc)
Drug: Exparel/bupivacaine mixture
10cc of Exparel (133 mg, 1.3%) with 10cc of 0.5% standard bupivacaine (50 mg )for total volume of 20cc into the corpora immediately prior to placement of corporotomy stay sutures.
Other Names:
  • Exparel (133 mg, 1.3%) with 10cc of 0.5% standard bupivacaine (50 mg)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Scores
Time Frame: Hour 1
VAS scores range from 0 to 100, with 0 representing no pain or the least desirable state and 100 representing the worst possible pain or the most desirable state. The "score" is the distance in millimeters from the "no pain" end of the 100mm line to the point where the person marks their pain level. Lower scores (0-4mm) indicate no pain, while higher scores (75-100mm) indicate severe pain.
Hour 1
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Scores
Time Frame: Hour 4
VAS scores range from 0 to 100, with 0 representing no pain or the least desirable state and 100 representing the worst possible pain or the most desirable state. The "score" is the distance in millimeters from the "no pain" end of the 100mm line to the point where the person marks their pain level. Lower scores (0-4mm) indicate no pain, while higher scores (75-100mm) indicate severe pain.
Hour 4
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Scores
Time Frame: Hour 24
VAS scores range from 0 to 100, with 0 representing no pain or the least desirable state and 100 representing the worst possible pain or the most desirable state. The "score" is the distance in millimeters from the "no pain" end of the 100mm line to the point where the person marks their pain level. Lower scores (0-4mm) indicate no pain, while higher scores (75-100mm) indicate severe pain.
Hour 24

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Cumulative Morphine milligram equivalents (MME)
Time Frame: Day 2
Cumulative morphine milligram equivalent (MME) is a metric used by healthcare providers to standardize the total potency of all opioid medications a patient is taking. By converting each opioid into a standard value based on morphine, providers can assess a patient's overall risk for overdose and other complications. Higher cumulative MME levels are associated with a greater risk of overdose. For example, doses of 50 MME or more per day increase overdose risk and warrant closer monitoring, while doses of 90 MME or more are considered very high.
Day 2
Number of calls, messages, or visits to clinic
Time Frame: Day 30
Physician access line calls, messages to clinic, visits to clinic for postoperative pain within 30 days after surgery
Day 30
Number of Complications
Time Frame: Day 30
Complications from intracavernosal injections
Day 30
Number of Other Complications
Time Frame: Day 30
Other complications after IPP surgery using the Clavien-Dindo grading scale - The Clavien-Dindo scale is a grading system that categorizes surgical complications based on the treatment required to manage them, providing a uniform and objective way to assess and report post-operative events. It consists of five grades, with Grade I being minor deviations not requiring intervention and Grade V indicating patient death
Day 30
Serum bupivacaine levels
Time Frame: Hours 1 and 24
Serum bupivacaine levels at 1 hour and 1 day after surgery - Serum bupivacaine levels are a measurement of the drug in the blood, and the "normal" or safe level varies significantly by the patient's condition, the administration site, and the dose - A 1-mL serum or plasma sample is typically collected in a red-top or green-top tube
Hours 1 and 24
Amount of tramadol usage
Time Frame: Hour 24
Use the lowest dose possible for the shortest time needed. Take your prescribed dose as indicated by your healthcare provider. The maximum dosage is 1 or 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours, as needed for pain relief.
Hour 24

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Ryan Terlecki, MD, Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 17, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 17, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 24, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 26, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 22, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • IRB00129597

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

All of the Individual participant data collected during the trial, after deidentification

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Immediately following publication - no end date

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

anyone who wishes to access the data

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF
  • ANALYTIC_CODE
  • CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

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