Effects of 8-Week Plyometric Training on Basketball Performance and Isokinetic Strength (PT-BASKET)

February 6, 2026 updated by: Mustafa Şakir Akgül, Kastamonu University

Effects of Plyometric Training on Linear Sprint, Change-of-Direction, and Isokinetic Strength Performances in Male Basketball Players

This study aims to evaluate the effects of an 8-week plyometric training program on the physical performance of male basketball players. The research focuses on measuring improvements in linear sprinting speed, change-of-direction (agility) abilities, and vertical jump height. Additionally, the study examines changes in the participants' muscle strength through isokinetic testing. Twenty-four trained basketball players were divided into two groups: the control group followed their regular basketball training, while the experimental group added specific plyometric exercises, such as jumps and bounds, twice per week. By comparing the results before and after the 8-week intervention period, the study seeks to determine if this training method effectively enhances the athletic skills required in competitive basketball.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the multidimensional effects of a structured plyometric training (PT) intervention on competitive male basketball players. While vertical jump performance is a common focus in PT research, this study specifically evaluates the transfer of adaptations to sport-specific locomotor tasks and isokinetic muscle strength profiles.Participants (N = 24) were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG). Both groups maintained their standard basketball training, including shooting, 3-on-3 games, and defensive drills. The EG performed an additional 8-week progressive plyometric program twice weekly, consisting of exercises such as box jumps, depth jumps, and bounding, with a total volume ranging from 80 to 140 ground contacts per session. Training volume was meticulously logged, and an adherence rate of at least 85% was required for inclusion in the final analysis.Performance was evaluated through a comprehensive testing battery conducted pre- and post-intervention under standardized conditions. The primary outcomes focused on linear sprint speed (25-meter sprint) and change-of-direction (CoD) ability (V-cut test), which are critical for the high-intensity demands of basketball. Secondary outcomes included vertical jump height measured via countermovement jump (CMJ) with and without arm swing, and isokinetic knee and hip strength assessed at angular velocities of 60 degrees per second and 180 degrees per second.The study hypothesized that the addition of PT would lead to superior gains in sprint and CoD performance compared to basketball training alone. Furthermore, it aimed to explore whether these performance improvements are accompanied by significant changes in isokinetic torque production. Data were analyzed using a 2 (Time) x 2 (Group) repeated-measures ANOVA to identify significant interactions. Normality was verified using Skewness and Kurtosis z-scores, with Winsorization applied to outliers to maintain data robustness.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
24

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Kastamonu, Turkey (Türkiye), 37150
        • Kastamonu University, Faculty of Sports Sciences

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Active and licensed male basketball players.
  • Age between 18 and 22 years.
  • Minimum of 3 years of competitive basketball experience.
  • Currently participating in regular team training at least 5 days per week.
  • Free from any lower-limb musculoskeletal injuries for at least 6 months prior to the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of any acute or chronic injury that limits maximal performance during the study period.
  • Concurrent participation in any other external strength or power training programs.
  • Failure to attend more than 10 percent of the intervention sessions.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Plyometric Training
Participants in the Experimental Group (EG) followed a structured, progressive 8-week plyometric training (PT) program integrated into their regular basketball routine. The intervention was administered twice weekly (Tuesdays and Thursdays) with at least 48 hours of recovery between sessions. The program included vertical, horizontal, and lateral movements such as countermovement jumps (CMJ), box jumps, depth jumps, lateral bounds, and squat jumps. The volume progressed from 80 ground contacts per session in the first two weeks to 140 ground contacts per session in the final two weeks. Exercises were performed at maximal effort to maximize the utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). All sessions were supervised by a certified strength and conditioning specialist to ensure proper technique and safety. This program was performed in addition to their standard technical and tactical basketball drills, which were identical to those performed by the control group.
Other: 8-Week Progressive Plyometric Training Program

The intervention consists of a structured 8-week progressive plyometric training (PT) program designed specifically for competitive basketball players. It is performed twice weekly as a supplement to standard technical and tactical basketball drills.

  1. Progressive Volume: The training dosage is strictly controlled based on ground contacts per session, progressing from 80 contacts during Weeks 1 to 2, up to 140 contacts during Weeks 7 to 8.
  2. Movement Protocols: The protocol includes multi-planar movements such as vertical (box jumps, countermovement jumps), horizontal (broad jumps), and lateral (lateral bounds) exercises to simulate basketball-specific demands.
  3. Execution & Recovery: Exercises are performed at maximal effort, focusing on minimizing ground contact time to optimize the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). Sessions occur on a standard basketball court for surface adaptation. A recovery period of 48 to 72 hours is provided between sessions to prevent overtraining.
Other Names:
  • Plyometric Training
  • Stretch-Shortening Cycle Training
  • Lower-Body Power Training
  • Explosive Strength Training
No Intervention: Standard Basketball Training
Participants in the Control Group (CG) followed their standard basketball training routine for a duration of 8 weeks. This arm serves as the baseline to compare the specific effects of the plyometric intervention administered to the experimental group. The sessions consisted of standard technical and tactical basketball drills, including shooting practice, defensive positioning, offensive sets, and scrimmages (e.g., 3-on-3 or 5-on-5 games). Participants maintained their regular schedule of five training sessions per week, with each session lasting approximately 90 to 120 minutes. Participants in this group did not participate in any structured plyometric, strength, or power-based conditioning programs during the study period. All participants were instructed to maintain their normal nutritional habits and daily physical activities to ensure that no external variables influenced the performance outcomes.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
25-meter Linear Sprint Time
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8).
Time taken to complete a 25-meter straight-line sprint from a standing start. This measure evaluates linear speed and explosive acceleration. The test is conducted on a basketball court using electronic timing gates, with the best time of three trials recorded to ensure data accuracy.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8).
V-cut Agility Test Time
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8).
Time taken to complete the V-cut agility test, which requires participants to perform four 25-degree directional changes over a 20-meter distance. This measure evaluates change-of-direction speed and maneuverability. The best time of three trials is recorded in seconds using electronic timing gates.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Height
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8).
Assessment of explosive lower-body power. Measured using an Optojump photoelectric system (Microgate, Italy) while participants perform a maximal vertical jump with hands on hips.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8).
Isokinetic Peak Torque of Knee Extensors and Flexors
Time Frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8).
Maximal concentric muscle strength of the knee extensors and flexors is measured at angular velocities of 60 degrees per second and 180 degrees per second. Assessments are performed using an isokinetic dynamometer (Isomed 2000, D&R Ferstl GmbH, Germany). The peak torque value from five maximal repetitions at each speed is recorded.
Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kastamonu University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 30, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 30, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 6, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 10, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 10, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 6, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2025-2287 (Other Identifier: Kastamonu University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

The de-identified individual participant dataset, including performance outcomes (25m sprint, V-cut agility, vertical jump, and isokinetic strength values), will be made available to researchers upon reasonable request. Interested parties must provide a methodologically sound research proposal and sign a data access agreement. Requests should be directed to the Principal Investigator at Kastamonu University

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Data will be available starting 6 months after article publication and will remain accessible for up to 36 months.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Data will be shared with investigators who provide a methodologically sound proposal to achieve the aims in the approved proposal. Requests should be directed to the corresponding author.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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