Safety and Efficacy of Bevacizumab Plus RAD001 Versus Interferon Alfa-2a and Bevacizumab for the First-line Treatment in Adult Patients With Kidney Cancer

A Randomized, Open-label, Multi-center Phase II Study to Compare Bevacizumab Plus RAD001 Versus Interferon Alfa-2a Plus Bevacizumab for the First-line Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney

To estimate the difference in efficacy and safety of bevacizumab and RAD001 compared to bevacizumab and interferon alfa-2a for first-line treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the kidney.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Renal Cell; Nephroid Carcinoma; Hypernephroid
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: RAD001(everolimus); Drug: bevacizumab; Drug: interferon alfa-2a

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 365
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Belgium
  • Bruxelles, Belgium, 1200
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Bruxelles, Belgium, 1070
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Charleroi, Belgium, 6000
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Kortrijk, Belgium, 8500
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Leuven, Belgium, 3000
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Liege, Belgium, 4000
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Brazil
  • RJ
    • Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 20230-130
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • RS
    • Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90610-000
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90560-030
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • SP
    • Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil, 14015-130
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Santo Andre, SP, Brazil, 09060-650
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 01246-000
      • Novartis Investigative Site
• Czech Republic
  • Olomouc, Czech Republic, 775 20
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Prague, Czech Republic, 140 00
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Egypt
  • Cairo, Egypt
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• France
  • Avignon, France, 84000
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Bordeaux Cedex, France, 33075
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Caen Cedex, France, 14021
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • La Roche sur Yon Cedex, France, 85925
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Montellier cedex 5, France, 34298
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Nantes cedex 2, France, 44202
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Reims, France, 51100
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Rouen Cedex, France, 76031
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Strasbourg Cedex, France, 67010
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Suresnes, France, 92150
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Toulouse Cedex 9, France, 31059
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Cedex
    • Strasbourg, Cedex, France, 67091
      • Novartis Investigative Site
• Germany
  • Berlin, Germany, 10117
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Berlin, Germany, 13055
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Dessau, Germany, 06846
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Essen, Germany, 45122
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Frankfurt, Germany, 60590
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Frankfurt, Germany, 60488
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Göttingen, Germany, 37075
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Hamburg, Germany, 20246
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Hannover, Germany, 30625
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Heidelberg, Germany, 69115
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Leipzig, Germany, 04109
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Mainz, Germany, 55131
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Tübingen, Germany, 72076
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Hong Kong
  • Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Hungary
  • Budapest, Hungary, 1086
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Budapest, Hungary, 1122
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Italy
  • Napoli, Italy, 80131
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • BS
    • Brescia, BS, Italy, 25123
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • CR
    • Cremona, CR, Italy, 26100
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • CZ
    • Catanzaro, CZ, Italy, 88100
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • FI
    • Firenze, FI, Italy, 50134
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • MI
    • Milano, MI, Italy, 20133
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • MO
    • Modena, MO, Italy, 41100
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • PG
    • Perugia, PG, Italy, 06129
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • PN
    • Aviano, PN, Italy, 33081
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • PV
    • Pavia, PV, Italy, 27100
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • RM
    • Roma, RM, Italy, 00152
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Roma, RM, Italy, 00128
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • TN
    • Trento, TN, Italy, 38100
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • VR
    • Negrar, VR, Italy, 37024
      • Novartis Investigative Site
• Korea, Republic of
  • Daegu, Korea, Republic of, 705-703
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 136-705
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Taegu, Korea, Republic of, 700 -721
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Gyeonggi-do
    • Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of, 03722
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Korea
    • Seoul, Korea, Korea, Republic of, 06351
      • Novartis Investigative Site
• Netherlands
  • Leiden, Netherlands, 2333 ZA
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Russian Federation
  • Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Moscow, Russian Federation, 125284
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191104
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197758
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Russia
    • Obninsk, Russia, Russian Federation, 249036
      • Novartis Investigative Site
• Singapore
  • Singapore, Singapore, 258500
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• South Africa
  • Johannesburg, South Africa, 2196
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Pretoria, South Africa, 0001
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Pretoria, South Africa, 0044
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Spain
  • Barcelona, Spain, 08041
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Madrid, Spain, 28041
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Madrid, Spain, 28034
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Santander, Spain, 39008
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Zaragoza, Spain, 50009
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Andalucía
    • Jaen, Andalucía, Spain, 23007
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Cantabria
    • Santander, Cantabria, Spain, 39008
      • Novartis Investigative Site
• Switzerland
  • Bern, Switzerland, 3010
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Chur, Switzerland, 7000
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Taiwan
  • Lin-Kou, Taiwan, 33305
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Taichung, Taiwan, 40705
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 10002
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 114
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Taiwan, ROC
    • Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, Taiwan, 112
      • Novartis Investigative Site
• Thailand
  • Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Songkla, Thailand, 90110
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Turkey
  • Adana, Turkey, 01330
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Altunizade, Turkey, 34662
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Ankara, Turkey, 06100
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Antalya, Turkey, 07070
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Balcova / Izmir, Turkey, 35340
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Bursa, Turkey, 16059
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Mecidiyekoy/Istanbul, Turkey, 34394
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• United Kingdom
  • Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 0YN
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Southampton, United Kingdom, SO16 6YD
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Middlesex
    • Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom, HA6 2RN
      • Novartis Investigative Site
• United States
  • Arkansas
    • Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States, 72703
      • Highlands Oncology Group Dept of Highlands Oncology Grp
  • California
    • Duarte, California, United States, 91010-3000
      • City of Hope National Medical Center Dept.ofCityofHopeMedicalCtr(3)
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90053
      • USC/Kenneth Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Regulatory Contact 3
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095
      • University of California at Los Angeles Dept. of Hem/Oncology
  • Michigan
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201
      • Karmanos Cancer Institute Dept.of KarmanosCancerInst (5)
  • Nevada
    • Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89135
      • Nevada Cancer Institute Dept. of Nevada Cancer (3)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
      • St. Luke's Hospital and Health Network St. Luke's Cancer Network
  • Texas
    • Irving, Texas, United States, 75038
      • Las Colinas Hematology Oncology Grapevine
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98105
      • Seattle Cancer Care Alliance Dept. of SCCA

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
2. Patients with at least one measurable lesion
3. Patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma
4. Patients who had a prior partial or complete nephrectomy
5. Patients with a Karnofsky Performance Status ≥70%.
6. Adequate bone marrow function
7. Adequate liver function
8. Adequate renal function
9. Adequate coagulation profile

Exclusion Criteria:

1. 4 weeks post-major surgery
2. Patients who had radiation therapy within 28 days prior to start of study
3. Patients in need for major surgical procedure during the course of the study.
4. Patients with a serious non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture.
5. Patients with a history of seizure(s) not controlled with standard medical therapy.
6. Patients who have received prior systemic treatment for their metastatic RCC.
7. Patients who received prior therapy with VEGF pathway inhibitor
8. Patients who have previously received systemic mTOR inhibitors
9. Patients with a known hypersensitivity RAD001 (everolimus) or other rapamycins or to its excipients.
10. Patients with history or current central nervous system (CNS) metastases or spinal cord compression.
11. Patients with a history of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within 6 months prior to study enrollment.
12. Patients with proteinuria at screening.
13. Patients with inadequately controlled hypertension
14. Patients receiving ongoing or with recent need for full therapeutic dose of oral or parenteral anticoagulants or chronic daily treatment with aspirin
15. Patients receiving chronic systemic treatment with corticosteroids or another immunosuppressive agent.
16. Patients with a known history of HIV
17. Patients with hypersensitivity to interferon alfa-2a or any component of the product.
18. Patients with an active, bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy or recurrent thromboembolism
19. Patients who have any severe and/or uncontrolled medical conditions or other conditions
20. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction < lower limit of institutional normal assessed by ECHO or MUGA
21. Patients who have a history of another primary malignancy ≤ 3 years
22. Female patients who are pregnant or breast feeding
23. Patients who are using other investigational agents or who had received investigational drugs ≤ 4 weeks prior to study treatment start.
24. Patients unwilling to or unable to comply with the protocol

Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: bevacizumab, RAD001 (everolimus); Participants received oral everolimus 10 mg qd plus intravenous bevacizumab 10mg/kg every 2 weeks	Drug: RAD001(everolimus); 10 mg qd; Other Names: Afinitor; Drug: bevacizumab; 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: bevacizumab, interferon alfa-2a (IFN); Participants received subcutaneous IFN dose escalated from 3 MIU (million international unit) during week 1, 6 MIU during week 2, and 9 MIU during week 3 of treatment and subsequently (if tolerated), 3 times per week plus intravenous bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks	Drug: bevacizumab; 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks; Drug: interferon alfa-2a; dose escalated from 3 MIU (million international unit) during week 1, 6 MIU during week 2, and 9 MIU during week 3

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Progression-free Survival (PFS) of Participants Who Received RAD001 Plus Bevacizumab Versus Participants Who Received IFN Plus Bevacizumab	Tumor response and disease progression were assessed using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), version 1.0. All target and non-target lesions identified at baseline were assessed using the same method, CT scan with contrast or MRI with contrast, throughout the trial. All scans were reviewed by independent, central radiology. Disease progression was defined as: 1) a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum of the longest diameters of all target lesions recorded at or after baseline or 2) the appearance of a new lesions or 3) the unequivocal progression of non-target lesions overall.	Time from randomization to the date of radiological progressive disease as per independent central review, death from any cause, or last tumor assessment, reported between date of first participant randomized until 31Dec2011, cutoff date.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall Survival (OS) Treatment Effect in Participants Who Received RAD001 Plus Bevacizumab Versus Participants Who Received IFN Plus Bevacizumab	Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time of randomization to the date of death due to any cause.	Time from randomization to the date of death from any cause, reported between date of first participant randomized and up to 2 years after the last participant randomized (data cutoff: 30Aug2012)
Best Overall Response in Participants Who Received RAD001 Plus Bevacizumab Versus Participants Who Received IFN Plus Bevacizumab	Overall response is defined as the number of participants having achieved confirmed Complete Response (CR) + Partial Response (PR). Confirmed CR = at least two determinations of CR at least 4 weeks apart before progression. Confirmed PR = at least two determinations of PR or better at least 4 weeks apart before progression. CR required a disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. PR required at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters of all target lesions, taking as a reference the baseline sum of the longest diameters. Disease progression was defined as: 1) a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of all target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum of the longest diameters of all target lesions recorded at or after baseline or 2) the appearance of a new lesions or 3) the unequivocal progression of non-target lesions overall.	Time from first participant randomized until 31Dec2011, cutoff date.
Response Duration Differences in Participants Who Received RAD001 Plus Bevacizumab Versus Participants Who Received IFN Plus Bevacizumab	The duration of response, applied only to participants with best overall response at CR or PR, is defined as the number of days between the date of first documented response (CR or PR) and the date of the event: radiological progression as per central review or death due to underlying cancer, whichever occurs first. If no event, participant is censored at the last adequate assessment.	Time from first documented response date of radiological progressive disease as per independent central review, death due to underlying cancer, or last tumor assessment, reported between date of first participant randomized until 31Dec2011, cut-off date.
Number of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events and Deaths	Participants were monitored for adverse events, serious adverse events and deaths throughout the study. Participants were assessed continuously at each 28-day cycle.	From the first participant randomized until the last patient discontinued the study treatment + 28 days
Time to Definitive Deterioration of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Kidney Symptom Index, Disease Related Symptoms (FKSI-DRS) Risk Score by at Least 2 Score Units	The analysis of this outcome measure was based on the FKSI-DRS scale which is a validated disease-related symptom index containing 9 items that measure symptoms predominantly related to kidney cancer. Each item is scored on a 5-point scale (0 = not at all; 4 = very much). If at least 5 of the 9 questions have been answered, the FKSI-DRS total score is calculated by subtracting nine times the mean of the scores of the answered items from 36. Participants with less than 5 out of the 9 questions answered will have a missing FKSI-DRS total score. The FKSI-DRS total score ranges from 0 (most severe symptoms) to 36 (no symptoms). Definitive deterioration is defined as a decrease by at least 2 units compared to baseline, with no later increase above this threshold observed during the study. A single measure reporting a decrease of at least 2 units was considered definitive only if it is the last one available for the participant.	Time from randomization to the date of definitive deterioration (defined as no later increase above the threshold observed during the study), or date of last assessment, reported between date of first patient randomized until 31Dec2011
Time to Definitive Deterioration of the Global Health Status and the Physical Functioning (PF) Subscale Scores of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) by at Least 10%	The EORTC QLQ-C30 contains 30 items. These include five functional scales (physical, role, emotional, social and cognitive functioning), three symptom scales (fatigue, pain, nausea, and vomiting), a global health status/QoL scale, and six single items (dyspnea, diarrhea, constipation, anorexia, insomnia and financial impact). The PF subscale consists of 5 questions each scored from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). The score for the PF subscale and global health status range from 0 to 100, with a higher score representing a high level of functioning/high quality of life. Definitive deterioration by at least 10% is defined as a decrease in score by at least 10% compared to baseline, with no later increase above this threshold observed during the course of the study. A single measure reporting a decrease of at least 10% is considered definitive only if it is the last one available for the participant.	Time from randomization to the date of definitive deterioration (defined as no later increase above the threshold observed during the study), or date of last assessment, reported between date of first participant randomized until 31Dec2011
Duration of Exposure of RAD001 in Participants Randomized to the Treatment Combination of RAD001 and Bevacizumab	This outcome measure was assessed continuously.	From the date of the first participant treated until the last patient discontinued the study treatment + 28 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals
• Collaborators: Roche Pharma AG

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Ravaud A, Barrios CH, Alekseev B, Tay MH, Agarwala SS, Yalcin S, Lin CC, Roman L, Shkolnik M, Anak O, Gogov S, Pelov D, Louveau AL, Melichar B. RECORD-2: phase II randomized study of everolimus and bevacizumab versus interferon alpha-2a and bevacizumab as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2015 Jul;26(7):1378-84. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv170. Epub 2015 Apr 7.

Helpful Links

• Visit NovartisClinicalTrials.com: Pre-qualify for a trial, and view a list of trials and participating study centers.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): November 12, 2008
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): December 31, 2011
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): April 15, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 15, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 18, 2008
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): July 21, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): March 20, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 13, 2017
• Last Verified: February 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Adults; Bevacizumab; Everolimus; Avastin; Renal cell carcinoma; Nephrectomy; Interferon; newly diagnosed; RAD001; Roferon; Clear
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Kidney Diseases; Urologic Diseases; Adenocarcinoma; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Kidney Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Carcinoma; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; Growth Substances; Growth Inhibitors; Interferons; Interferon-alpha; Interferon alpha-2; Bevacizumab; Everolimus
• Other Study ID Numbers: CRAD001L2201; 2008-000077-38 (EUDRACT_NUMBER)