Lenalidomide and Alvocidib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

Phase 1 Trial of Flavopiridol in Combination With Lenalidomide in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell CLL/SLL

This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of lenalidomide when given together with alvocidib in treating patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. Lenalidomide may stop the growth of leukemia or lymphoma by blocking blood flow to the cancer. Alvocidib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving lenalidomide together with alvocidib may kill more cancer cells.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anemia; Thrombocytopenia; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; Recurrent Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma; Prolymphocytic Leukemia; Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Other: Pharmacological Study; Drug: Lenalidomide; Drug: Alvocidib Hydrochloride

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of flavopiridol (alvocidib) in combination with lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL).

II. To define the specific toxicities and the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of flavopiridol in combination with lenalidomide in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory CLL/SLL.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess preliminary efficacy of flavopiridol combined with lenalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL to justify future, rigorous phase II studies of the combination in CLL.

II. To determine the pharmacokinetics of flavopiridol and lenalidomide alone and in combination in patients with CLL/SLL.

III. To correlate select pre-treatment prognostic markers, including interphase cytogenetics with minimal residual disease, progression-free survival, response, and toxicity following combination therapy with flavopiridol and lenalidomide.

IV. To determine patient cytokine expression profiles immediately pre-treatment, after flavopiridol dosing, and after combination flavopiridol and lenalidomide therapy to assess the impact of lenalidomide on flavopiridol induced cytokine release (interleukin [IL]-6).

V. To assess if pre-treatment ex vivo and in vivo (day 1 and day 3 of lenalidomide) immune (B-cell, natural killer [NK] cell, and T-cell) activation correlates with response and toxicity of lenalidomide therapy.

VI. To assess the in vivo effect of lenalidomide on flavopiridol on the modulation of selected intracellular pharmacodynamic targets including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor) (STAT3), myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (BCL2-related) (Mcl-1), and other downstream IL-6 targets.

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of lenalidomide.

Patients receive alvocidib intravenously (IV) over 4.5 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 in course 1 followed by a week of rest. Beginning in course 2 and all subsequent courses, patients receive lenalidomide orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-21 and alvocidib IV over 4.5 hours on days 3, 10, and 17. Treatment repeats every 35 days for up to 8 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up every 3 months for 2 years.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 39
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
      • Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically confirmed B-cell CLL/SLL according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, or B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) arising from CLL with at least one of the following indications for treatment:

  • Progressive disease or marked splenomegaly and/or lymphadenopathy
  • Anemia (hemoglobin < 11 mg/dL) or thrombocytopenia (platelets < 100,000/mm^3)
  • Unexplained weight loss exceeding 10% of body weight over the preceding 6 months
  • National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 (CTCAE v 4.0) grade 2 or 3 fatigue
  • Fevers > 100.5 or night sweats for greater than 2 weeks without evidence of infection
  • Progressive lymphocytosis, with an increase exceeding 50% over a 2 month period or a doubling time of less than 6 months
• Must have at least one prior therapy that includes either fludarabine (or equivalent nucleoside analogue) or an alternative regimen if a contra-indication to fludarabine exists (i.e., autoimmune hemolytic anemia); prior therapy with flavopiridol is not permitted; prior lenalidomide is permitted provided that it has been > 6 months since the last lenalidomide dose
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< (Karnofsky >= 60%)
• White blood cell count =< 150,000/mm^3
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,000/mm^3
• Platelets >= 30,000/mm^3
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 X institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) =< 2.5 X institutional ULN
• Creatinine =< 1.5 mg/dL OR creatinine clearance >= 60 ml/min
• Recovery to =< grade 1 from all toxicities associated with prior therapy
• Not pregnant or breast-feeding; woman of child bearing potential should have a negative pregnancy test (serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]) within 7-14 days of starting cycle 1 of treatment; woman of child bearing potential should have a negative pregnancy test (serum beta-HCG) within 10-14 days of starting cycle 2, the start of lenalidomide treatment (i.e. days 14-18 of cycle 1), and an additional test within 24 hours of starting cycle 2 treatment

• Patient must agree to use adequate contraception for 4 weeks prior to the start of lenalidomide and up to 28 days following the last dose of lenalidomide to avoid risk of pregnancy

  • Women of child-bearing potential will be required to use two methods of birth control; one "highly effective method" and one "additional effective method" as defined below:

    • Highly effective methods

      • Intrauterine device
      • Hormonal (oral contraceptive, implants)
      • Tubal ligation
      • Partner's vasectomy
      • Abstinence

    • Alternative effective methods

      • Latex condoms
      • Diaphragm
      • Cervical cap
  • Men must agree to use latex condoms
• Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL within 10 - 14 days and again within 24 hours prior to starting cycle 1 of lenalidomide; further, they must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control: one highly effective method and one additional effective method AT THE SAME TIME, at least 28 days before starting lenalidomide; FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing; men must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with a FCBP, even if they have had a successful vasectomy; all patients must be counseled by a trained counselor every 28 days about pregnancy precautions and risks of fetal exposure
• Patients must agree not to donate blood, semen, sperm/ova during the course of taking lenalidomide and for 28 days after stopping lenalidomide treatment
• Patients must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
• Patients who are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient are not eligible for this study

• Only human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients meeting all of the following criteria may be enrolled on this trial:

  • Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 count > 500/mm^3
  • Not receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) or anti-HIV viral therapy
  • HIV viral load < 10,000 HIV messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) copies/mm^3
  • No history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study; breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated on this study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Treatment (alvocidib, lenalidomide); Patients receive alvocidib IV over 4.5 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 in course 1 followed by a week of rest. Beginning in course 2 and all subsequent courses, patients receive lenalidomide PO QD on days 1-21 and alvocidib IV over 4.5 hours on days 3, 10, and 17. Treatment repeats every 35 days for up to 8 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Other: Pharmacological Study; Correlative studies; Other Names: pharmacological studies; Drug: Lenalidomide; Given PO; Other Names: CC-5013; IMiD-1; CC5013; CDC 501; Drug: Alvocidib Hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: FLAVO; HMR 1275; HL-275

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
MTD of lenalidomide when combined with alvocidib, defined as the maximum dose level with fewer than 2 of 6 patients experiencing dose limiting toxicity (DLT)		Up to day 70
Incidence of DLT in patients treated with alvocidib and lenalidomide graded according to NCI CTCAE version 4.0	Toxicities classified as DLT during course 1 will not be considered DLT for the combination of lenalidomide and flavopiridol, but will result in patient removal from the study.	Up to day 70

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pharmacokinetic parameters of alvocidib and lenalidomide alone and in combination in plasma samples	Samples will be analyzed in batches to assess plasma drug concentrations, the plasma drug concentration-time profile (AUC), volume of distribution (Vss), clearance (CL), and half-life. Standard paired statistical tests, parametric and nonparametric, will be used to compare baseline with treatment values. With data collected serially over time, repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to analyze data.	Baseline, day 1 of course 1, and on days 2-3 of course 2
Plasma IL-6 and selected cytokine levels	Standard paired statistical tests, parametric and nonparametric, will be used to compare baseline with treatment values. With data collected serially over time, repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to analyze data.	Up to 5 years
B-cell activation as assessed by surface antigen (CD40, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CD95) expression	Standard paired statistical tests, parametric and nonparametric, will be used to compare baseline with treatment values. With data collected serially over time, repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to analyze data.	Up to 5 years
Intracellular pharmacodynamic targets including STAT3, Mcl-1, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB)	Standard paired statistical tests, parametric and nonparametric, will be used to compare baseline with treatment values. With data collected serially over time, repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to analyze data.	Up to 5 years
Response assessed by National Cancer Institute-Sponsored Working Group guidelines	Standard paired statistical tests, parametric and nonparametric, will be used to compare baseline with treatment values. With data collected serially over time, repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to analyze data.	Up to 5 years
Progression-free survival (PFS)	Standard paired statistical tests, parametric and nonparametric, will be used to compare baseline with treatment values. With data collected serially over time, repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to analyze data.	Time from start of treatment to time of progression, assessed up to 5 years
Toxicity graded according to NCI CTCAE version 4.0	Standard paired statistical tests, parametric and nonparametric, will be used to compare baseline with treatment values. With data collected serially over time, repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to analyze data.	Up to 5 years
Presence of minimal residual disease	Standard paired statistical tests, parametric and nonparametric, will be used to compare baseline with treatment values. With data collected serially over time, repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to analyze data.	Up to 5 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Kristie Blum, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: August 1, 2008
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): November 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 14, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 14, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): August 15, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): April 2, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 1, 2015
• Last Verified: February 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Hematologic Diseases; Blood Platelet Disorders; Leukemia, B-Cell; Lymphoma; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Thrombocytopenia; Leukemia, Prolymphocytic; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunologic Factors; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; Growth Substances; Growth Inhibitors; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Lenalidomide; Alvocidib
• Other Study ID Numbers: NCI-2009-00269 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); P30CA016058 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); U01CA076576 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); OSU-08056; 2008C0033; CDR0000738866; OSU 08056 (Other Identifier: Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center); 8046 (Other Identifier: CTEP)