Perioperative Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Operations in Patients With Severely Depressed Left Ventricular Function

May 9, 2012 updated by: Marco Ranucci, IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato

Perioperative IABP in CABG Operations in Patients With Severely Depressed Left Ventricular Function: a Randomized, Controlled Trial

Since its first introduction in humans in 1962, Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) is now the most commonly used therapeutic option to support failing heart in cardiac surgery. The main effects of IABP are an increase in diastolic blood pressure and therefore an improvement in coronary perfusion and a reduction of ventricular after load, thus increasing stroke volume and cardiac output. IABP-related complications include limb ischemia, bleeding at the site of IABP insertion, infection, and aortic dissection.

IABP could be used preoperatively, intraoperatively, or postoperatively. However, despite the wide use of the device, the optimal timing and use of IABP in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains controversial. Time of insertion has been showed to affect hospital mortality, ranging from 18.8% to 19.6% for preoperative insertion, from 27.6% to 32.3% for intraoperative insertion, and from 39% to 40.5% for postoperative insertion. Several studies, randomized and non-randomized, have been conducted to address the impact of preoperative use of IABP on the outcome, each study including a relative small number of patients. In an effort to increase the strength of the results, two meta-analysis have been conducted and published in 2008. The objectives of both were to assess the effect on mortality and morbidity of using IABP preoperatively in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Surprisingly, the meta-analysis from Field and co-workers was conducted on four randomized controlled trials (for a total of 193 patients included) published by the same author from the same institution, making the results not conclusive although favourable toward a beneficial effect of the preoperative use of IABP. Moreover, two of the randomized trials conducted by Christenson and co-workers and included in the above mentioned meta-analysis, were excluded from the meta-analysis from Dyub and co-workers because considered duplicates. Unfortunately, one study by Christenson and co-workers and included in the meta-analysis from Dyub was conducted on off-pump surgery, introducing another bias in the criteria of eligibility.

At present it is unclear whether the preoperative use of IABP in high-risk coronary patients scheduled for CABG operations leads to a better outcome. The experimental hypothesis of the present randomized, controlled trial (RCT) is that the placement of IABP immediately before beginning the surgical procedure induces a reduction of major morbidity after the operation.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

RCT including patients scheduled for elective CABG surgery (with or without associated procedures) and having a left ventricular ejection fraction < 0.35. Exclusion criteria: age < 18 years, no patient's consent, contra-indications to the use of IABP (severe peripheral arteropathy; endovascular abdominal aortic prostheses).

Patients will be randomly allocated to either a control group or a treatment group. Patients in the control group will not receive an IABP preoperatively, and patients in the treatment arm will receive an IABP positioned immediately after the induction of anesthesia and before beginning surgery.

Randomization will be performed the day before the operation. Primary endpoint: reduction of major morbidity rate (defined as either prolonged (> 48 hours) mechanical ventilation, acute renal failure, mediastinitis, surgical revision, stroke).

Secondary endpoint: reduction in inotropic drug use, shortening of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.

Interim analyses and stopping rules: interim analyses will be done at half (80 patients)and 2/3 (106 patients) of recruitment. The trial could be prematurely stopped in case of a difference in the primary endpoint reaching a P value of 0.005 at the first analysis, and 0.01 at the second.A specific stopping rule is settled for operative mortality (30 days) at 0.01 at the first interim analysis and 0.05 at the second interim analysis. Given the invasive nature and the costs of the intervention, a stopping rule for futility was settled in case of a lack of difference for the primary outcome. This was settled at a relative risk for the primary outcome not including the hypothesized value of 0.5 within 99% CI at the first interim analysis and 95% CI at the second.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

160

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Italy
      • San Donato Milanese (Milan), Italy, 20097
        • IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
    • Milan
      • San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy, 20097
        • IRCCS Policlinico S.Donato

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Elective CABG operation
  • Age > 18 years
  • Ejection fraction < 0.35

Exclusion Criteria:

  • No consent
  • Emergency operation
  • Contra-indication to IABP placement

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
NO_INTERVENTION: Control
No preoperative IABP; if needed, postoperative IABP placement
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: IABP
Preoperative IABP placement
Procedure: IABP
preoperative IABP placement

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Major morbidity according to STS (30-days mortality, mechanical ventilation > 48 hours, mediastinitis, surgical reexploration, stroke, acute renal failure)
Time Frame: 30 days after operation
30 days after operation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Time on mechanical ventilation; ICU and hospital stay
Time Frame: 30 days after the operation
30 days after the operation
IABP complications (lower limb ischemia, mesenteric ischemia, bleeding)
Time Frame: 30 days after the operation
30 days after the operation

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

April 1, 2009

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

May 1, 2012

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

May 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 14, 2009

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 14, 2009

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

April 15, 2009

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE)

May 10, 2012

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 9, 2012

Last Verified

May 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • IABPCABG

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Coronary Artery Disease

Clinical Trials on IABP

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Kenya

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

3
Subscribe