A Trial to Compare Oxaliplatin, Folinic Acid (FA) and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) Combination Chemotherapy (FOLFOX-4) With or Without Cetuximab in the 1st Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) in Chinese Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (RAS) Wild-type Patients (TAILOR)

An Open-label, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Phase III Trial to Compare Cetuximab in Combination With FOLFOX-4 Versus FOLFOX-4 Alone in the First Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Chinese Subjects With RAS Wild-type Status

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the progression free survival (PFS) time with FOLFOX-4 plus cetuximab is longer than that with FOLFOX-4 alone as first-line treatment for mCRC in Chinese subjects with RAS wild-type tumors.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Cetuximab; Drug: Oxaliplatin; Drug: Folinic Acid; Drug: 5Fluorouracil

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 553
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Beijing, China, 100071
    • 307 Hospital of PLA
  • Beijing, China, 100853
    • The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army
  • Bengbu, China, 233004
    • Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
  • Changsha, Hunan, China, 410011
    • The Xiangya 2nd Hospital of Central South University
  • Chongqing, China, 400038
    • Southwest Hospital
  • KunMing, Yunnan, China, 650118
    • Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital
  • Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, 330006
    • The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University
  • Shanghai, China, 200032
    • Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
  • Shanghai, China, 200080
    • Shanghai First People's Hospital
  • Shanghai, China
    • Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital
  • Shanghai, China, 200025
    • Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
  • Shuzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215006
    • The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
  • Tianjin, China, 30000
    • Tianjin People's Hospital
  • Xi'an, China, 710032
    • Xijing Hospital the 4th Military Medical University of PLA
  • Fujian
    • Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350025
      • Fuzhou General Hospital
    • Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350014
      • Fujian Province Cancer Hospital
  • Guangdong
    • Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510515
      • Nanfang Hospital
    • Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510405
      • First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
  • Heilongjiang
    • Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150040
      • The tumor hospital of Harbin medical university
  • Hubei
    • Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430023
      • Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  • Jilin
    • Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
      • Jilin Cancer Hospital
    • Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
      • First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University
  • Shandong
    • Qingdao, Shandong, China, 266003
      • The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University
  • Zhejiang
    • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310016
      • Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
    • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310009
      • The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Signed written informed consent (first and second)
• Chinese with Chinese citizenship
• Male or female subjects greater than or equal to (>=) 18 years of age
• Medically accepted effective contraception if procreative potential exists (applicable for both male and female subjects until at least 90 days after the last dose of trial treatment)
• Diagnosis of histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum
• First occurrence of metastatic disease (not curatively resectable) RAS wild-type status in tumor tissue
• At least one measurable lesion by computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) according to RECIST (not in an irradiated area)
• Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 at trial entry
• White blood cell count >= 3 × 10x9/L with neutrophils >= 1.5 × 10x9/L, platelet count >= 100 × 10x9/L and hemoglobin >= 6.21 mmol/L (10 g/dL)
• Total bilirubin <= 1.5 × upper limit of reference range
• Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) <= 2.5 × upper limit of reference range or <= 5 × upper reference range in subjects with liver metastasis
• Serum creatinine <= 1.5 × upper limit of reference range
• Recovery from relevant toxicity due to previous treatment before trial entry

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous chemotherapy for CRC except adjuvant treatment if terminated > 9 months (oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy) or > 6 months (non-oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy) before the start of treatment in this trial
• Radiotherapy or surgery (excluding prior diagnostic biopsy) in the 30 days before trial treatment
• Previous treatment with monoclonal antibody therapy, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway-targeting therapy, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway-targeting therapy, or other signal transduction inhibitors
• History of organ allograft, autologous stem cell transplantation, or allogeneic stem cell transplantation
• Renal replacement therapy
• Intake of any investigational medication within 30 days before trial entry
• Concurrent chronic systemic immune therapy or hormone therapy except physiologic replacement
• Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) within 3 weeks of trial entry (these growth factors may be used during the trial thereafter)
• Other non-permitted concomitant anticancer therapies
• Known brain metastasis and/or leptomeningeal disease. Subjects with neurological symptoms should undergo a CT scan/MRI of the brain to exclude brain metastasis
• Previous malignancy other than CRC in the last 5 years except basal cell cancer of the skin or preinvasive cancer of the cervix
• Clinically significant cardiovascular disease, e.g. cardiac failure of New York Heart Association classes III-IV, uncontrolled coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, uncontrolled arrhythmia, uncontrolled hypertension, or history of myocardial infarction in the last 5 years, or left ventricular ejection fraction below the institutional range of normal on a baseline multiple gated acquisition scan or echocardiogram
• Acute or sub-acute intestinal occlusion or history of inflammatory bowel disease
• Active clinically serious infections (> grade 2 National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) version 3.0), including active tuberculosis
• Known and declared history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or chronic hepatitis B or C
• Peripheral neuropathy > grade 1
• Signs and symptoms suggestive of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, or family members who suffer(ed) from such
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, pulmonary fibrosis, acute pulmonary disorder, interstitial pneumonia, or liver failure
• Known hypersensitivity or allergic reactions against any of the components of the trial treatments
• Pregnancy (absence to be confirmed by serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin test) or breastfeeding
• Ongoing alcohol or drug abuse
• Presence of a medical or psychological condition that would not permit the subject to complete the trial or sign informed consent
• Participation in another clinical trial within the past 30 days
• Other significant disease that in the investigator's opinion should exclude the subject from the trial
• Legal incapacity or limited legal capacity

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Cetuximab + FOLFOX-4; Subjects received cetuximab in combination with FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy regimen. FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy regimen consists of a combination of oxaliplatin with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA). Cetuximab was always administered every 7 days with an initial dose of 400 milligram per square meter (mg/m^2) at 5 milligram per minute (mg/min) and 250 mg/m^2 at 10 mg/min for subsequent infusions, followed by oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 infused over 120 minutes at least 1 hour later. Following completion of the oxaliplatin infusion or simultaneously with oxaliplatin, FA was administered at a dose of 200 mg/m^2 infused over 120 minutes, on Day 1, Day 2, and every 2 weeks and then 5- FU was administered as a bolus of 400 mg/m^2/day intravenously over 2-4 minutes followed by 600 mg/m^2/day infused over 22 hours, on Day 1, Day 2, and every 2 weeks. All subjects received treatment until progression of disease, withdrawal of consent, or unacceptable toxicity.	Drug: Cetuximab; Cetuximab was administered every 7 days at an initial dose of 400 milligram per square meter (mg/m^2) at 5 milligram per minute (mg/min) and 250 mg/m^2 at 10 mg/min for subsequent infusions until progression of disease, withdrawal of consent, or unacceptable toxicity to cetuximab.; Other Names: C225; Erbitux; Drug: Oxaliplatin; Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 infusion over 120 minutes on Day 1, Day 2, and then every 2 weeks until progression of disease, withdrawal of consent, or unacceptable toxicity.; Drug: Folinic Acid; FA 200 mg/m^2 infusion over 120 minutes on Day 1, Day 2, and then every 2 weeks until progression of disease, withdrawal of consent, or unacceptable toxicity.; Drug: 5Fluorouracil; 5-FU as a bolus of 400 mg/m^2/day intravenously over 2-4 minutes followed by 600 mg/m^2/day infusion over 22 hours on Day 1, Day 2, and then every 2 weeks until progression of disease, withdrawal of consent, or unacceptable toxicity.
Active Comparator: FOLFOX-4; Subjects received FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy regimen that consists of a combination of oxaliplatin with 5-FU/FA. Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 infused over 120 minutes was administered first or simultaneously with FA at a dose of 200 mg/m^2 infused over 120 minutes on Day 1, Day 2, and every 2 weeks and then 5-FU was administered as a bolus of 400 mg/m^2/day intravenously over 2-4 minutes followed by 600 mg/m^2/day infused over 22 hours on Day 1, Day 2, and every 2 weeks. All subjects received treatment until progression of disease, withdrawal of consent, or unacceptable toxicity.	Drug: Oxaliplatin; Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m^2 infusion over 120 minutes on Day 1, Day 2, and then every 2 weeks until progression of disease, withdrawal of consent, or unacceptable toxicity.; Drug: Folinic Acid; FA 200 mg/m^2 infusion over 120 minutes on Day 1, Day 2, and then every 2 weeks until progression of disease, withdrawal of consent, or unacceptable toxicity.; Drug: 5Fluorouracil; 5-FU as a bolus of 400 mg/m^2/day intravenously over 2-4 minutes followed by 600 mg/m^2/day infusion over 22 hours on Day 1, Day 2, and then every 2 weeks until progression of disease, withdrawal of consent, or unacceptable toxicity.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Progression Free Survival (PFS) Time	PFS was defined as the duration (in months) from randomization until the first progressive disease (PD) observation as assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) according to Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.0, or death due to any cause when death occurred within 90 days of randomization or the last tumor assessment, whichever was later. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of longest diameter (LD) of the target lesions, taking as references the smallest sum LD since the treatment started (including baseline), or appearance of one or more new lesions, and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions.	Baseline up to 333 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall Survival (OS) Time	OS was defined as the time (in months) from randomization to death. For subjects who were still alive at the analysis data cut-off date or who lost to follow-up, survival was censored at the last recorded date that the subject was known to be alive.	Baseline up to 333 weeks
Best Overall Response Rate (ORR)	The Best ORR was defined as the percentage of subjects having achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) according to RECIST version 1.0 as determined by the IRC. CR: defined as disappearance of all target and all non-target lesions and no new lesions. PR: defined as at least a 30% decrease in sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters, no progression of non-target lesions and no new lesions.	Baseline up to 333 weeks
Time to Treatment Failure (TTF)	TTF was defined as time from randomization to date of the first occurrence of radiologically confirmed PD as determined by IRC, Clinical PD according to the Investigator's assessment (if radiological confirmation of PD by IRC was unavailable), discontinuation of treatment due to progression or adverse event, start of new anticancer therapy, withdrawal of consent, or death within 90 days of last tumor assessment or randomization. Subjects without event were censored on the date of last tumor assessment.	Baseline up to 333 weeks
Number of Subjects With Curative Surgery of Liver Metastases	The number of subjects who underwent liver metastatic surgery after start of treatment and the outcome of surgery with respect to residual tumor after surgery (R0, R1, R2, not evaluable) were summarized. In case of resection of more than one metastasis, the worst outcome of surgery defined the overall status of a subject. R0 = No residual tumor after resection (all lesions resected completely); R1 = Metastases not resected completely with microscopic residual lesions; and R2 = Metastases not resected completely with macroscopic residual lesions.	Baseline up to 333 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
• Investigators: Study Director: Medical Responsible, Merck Serono Co., Ltd., Beijing, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Wang H, Huang L, Gao P, Zhu Z, Ye W, Ding H, Fang L. Cost-effectiveness analysis of cetuximab combined with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer based on the TAILOR trial. BMJ Open. 2020 Feb 12;10(2):e030738. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030738.
• Bai L, Zhang P, Zhou K, Liao W, Li Q. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of First-Line Cetuximab Plus Leucovorin, Fluorouracil, and Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-4) versus FOLFOX-4 in Patients with RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 2019 Dec 12;11:10419-10426. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S219318. eCollection 2019.
• Qin S, Li J, Wang L, Xu J, Cheng Y, Bai Y, Li W, Xu N, Lin LZ, Wu Q, Li Y, Yang J, Pan H, Ouyang X, Qiu W, Wu K, Xiong J, Dai G, Liang H, Hu C, Zhang J, Tao M, Yao Q, Wang J, Chen J, Eggleton SP, Liu T. Efficacy and Tolerability of First-Line Cetuximab Plus Leucovorin, Fluorouracil, and Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-4) Versus FOLFOX-4 in Patients With RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Open-Label, Randomized, Phase III TAILOR Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 20;36(30):3031-3039. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.3183. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 9, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 25, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): January 31, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 9, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 25, 2010
• First Posted (Estimate): October 26, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 28, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 16, 2020
• Last Verified: January 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Cetuximab; Metastatic colorectal cancer; First line treatment; status; RAS wild type; First occurrence of metastatic colorectal cancer in Chinese subjects with RAS wildtype
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Rectal Diseases; Colorectal Neoplasms; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Protective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Antidotes; Vitamin B Complex; Hematinics; Fluorouracil; Oxaliplatin; Leucovorin; Levoleucovorin; Folic Acid; Cetuximab
• Other Study ID Numbers: EMR62202-057