HIV Prevention for PLHIV: Evaluation of an Intervention Toolkit for HIV Care & Treatment Settings

HIV Prevention for People Living With HIV/AIDS: Evaluation of an Intervention Toolkit for HIV Care and Treatment Settings

The rapid scale-up of HIV care and treatment in resource-limited settings provides the opportunity to reach many HIV-positive individuals with prevention messages and interventions in care and treatment settings. However, HIV prevention is rarely incorporated into the routine care and treatment of people living with HIV, leaving missed opportunities to reach patients with critical interventions.

This study will evaluate an HIV prevention intervention package for health care settings in sub-Saharan Africa. The HIV prevention intervention will be delivered to HIV-seropositive patients in HIV care and treatment clinics during all routine visits. Health care providers (HCPs) will deliver HIV prevention messages on correct and consistent condom use, disclosure of serostatus, partner HIV testing, adherence and alcohol reduction. They will also assess and treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and provide basic contraceptives and safer pregnancy counseling.

Trained lay counselors (LCs) will deliver HIV prevention interventions in the clinics. LCs will be persons without medical training, many of whom will be PLHIV, who will be trained to provide HIV prevention counseling, promote HIV testing of partners and children (and provide HIV testing where allowed by national guidelines), and counsel HIV-positive patients on medication adherence and alcohol use.

The prevention intervention package will be evaluated in HIV clinics in three sub-Saharan African countries: Kenya, Namibia, and Tanzania. This project will be a longitudinal group-randomized trial with 9 intervention clinics (3 per country) and 9 comparison clinics (3 per country). Two hundred patients per clinic (total N = 3600) will be followed for 12 months. This evaluation will examine the effectiveness of the HIV prevention interventions delivered by HCPs and LCs on patient-level outcomes such as risky sexual behavior, disclosure of HIV status, partner HIV testing, alcohol use, HIV antiretroviral (ARV) medication adherence, STI treatment, pregnancies, and contraceptive use.

In addition to the patient outcomes, the acceptability of the interventions and materials, as well as the feasibility of integrating the interventions into HIV care and treatment settings, will be assessed.

Data will be collected via patient interviews, HCP and LC questionnaires, observations of HCP and LC patient visits, patient medical chart review, and review of clinic service data.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: HIV
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: HIV prevention intervention

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 3548
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• At least 18 years old
• HIV-positive patients receiving care at a project clinic and seen at the clinic at least twice prior to enrollment
• Sexually active within the past three months
• Planning to attend the clinic for at least 1 year
• Able to conduct interview in one of the following languages:

Kenya: English, Kiswahili Namibia: English, Oshiwambo, Damara-nama, Otjiherero, Afrikaans Tanzania: English, Kiswahili

• Able to provide informed consent to participate in the project

Exclusion Criteria:

• Younger than 18 years of age
• Not sexually active within the last three months
• Planning to move from the vicinity of the clinic within one year
• Not enrolled in the HIV clinic and/or have not been seen for at least two clinic visits
• Cannot provide informed consent
• Patients who are acutely ill or are determined by clinical staff to be too ill to participate
• Spouses or identified partners of participating patients
• Pregnant women and male partners of pregnant women, as family planning counseling and unintended pregnancy are some of the primary study outcomes
• Not able to complete interview in one of the languages in the inclusion criteria
• Participated in pilot study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Comparison
Experimental: HIV prevention intervention; The HIV prevention intervention will be delivered to HIV-seropositive patients in HIV care and treatment clinics during all routine visits. Health care providers (including physicians, clinical officers, and nurses) will deliver HIV prevention messages on correct and consistent condom use, disclosure of serostatus, partner HIV testing, adherence and alcohol reduction during clinic visits. Health care providers will also assess and treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and provide basic contraceptives and brief safer pregnancy counseling.	Behavioral: HIV prevention intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Unprotected vaginal and anal sex	Baseline
Unprotected vaginal and anal sex	6 month follow-up
Unprotected vaginal and anal sex	12-month follow-up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Number of sex partners	Baseline
Number of sex partners	6 month follow-up
Number of sex partners	12 month follow-up
Number of sex partners getting an HIV test	Baseline
Number of sex partners getting an HIV test	6 month follow-up
Number of sex partners getting an HIV test	12 month follow-up
Disclosure of HIV status to sex partners	Baseline
Disclosure of HIV status to sex partners	6 month follow-up
Disclosure of HIV status to sex partners	12-month follow-up
Alcohol use	Baseline
Alcohol use	6 month follow-up
Alcohol use	12-month follow-up
Adherence to HIV antiretroviral medications	Baseline
Adherence to HIV antiretroviral medications	6 month follow-up
Adherence to HIV antiretroviral medications	12-month follow-up
Unintended pregnancy or partner pregnancy	Baseline
Unintended pregnancy or partner pregnancy	6 month follow-up
Unintended pregnancy or partner pregnancy	12-month follow-up
Provision of family planning counseling and services	Baseline
Provision of family planning counseling and services	6 month follow-up
Provision of family planning counseling and services	12-month follow-up

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Collaborators: Columbia University; Kenya Ministry of Health; Ministry of Health and Social Services, Namibia; Ministry of Health, Tanzania; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Zanzibar
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Pamela Bachanas, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Study Director: Daniel Kidder, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kidder DP, Bachanas P, Medley A, Pals S, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha H, Ackers M, Howard A, Deluca N, Mbatia R, Sheriff M, Arthur G, Katuta F, Cherutich P, Somi G; PwP Evaluation Study team. HIV prevention in care and treatment settings: baseline risk behaviors among HIV patients in Kenya, Namibia, and Tanzania. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57215. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057215. Epub 2013 Feb 25.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: October 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 7, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 7, 2010
• First Posted (Estimate): December 8, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 2, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 30, 2016
• Last Verified: December 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: CDC-CGH-5540