Amphia Premature Infant Pain Study (APIP)

Amphia Premature Infant Pain Study; Breast Milk vs Sucrose

Last thirty years, many research was performed concerning pain in the newborn. These investigations showed us the negative effects of pain in the neonatal period. Our research concerns the choice of analgesics for the premature newborn during a heel lance. Newborns with a gestational age of 32-37 weeks are randomly assigned over three groups. They can receive breastfeeding, during the heel lance, a bottle with supplemental breast milk or sucrose.

The primary objective of the Amphia Premature Infant Pain study, is to investigate whether there is a difference in PIPP-scores in premature newborns who undergo a heel lance, receiving breast milk or sucrose. Our hypothesis is that the PIPP-score will be lower in newborns receiving breast milk compared to sucrose. And the investigators presume that breast feeding has the same analgesic effect as giving supplemental breast milk.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Premature Infant; Breast Feeding, Exclusive; Puncture Skin
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: sucrose; Other: supplemental breast milk; Other: breast feeding

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 75
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Netherlands
  • Noord Brabant
    • Breda, Noord Brabant, Netherlands, 4819 VE
      • Amphia Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 1 day to 2 months (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• born at a gestational age between 32+0 and 36+6 weeks,
• being nourished with breast milk
• the necessity for a clinical blood sample.

Exclusion Criteria:

• perinatal asphyxia,
• birth trauma,
• condition of cardio-respiratory instability,
• condition of serious nutritional problems with clinical evidence of gastro oesophageal reflux disease,
• drug abuse of the mother
• and application of sedative medication to mother or child.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: sucrose; In the third group, newborns receive sucrose 1ml 24% two minutes before procedure, followed by non-nutritive sucking. During the procedure the newborn lies in his cot.	Other: sucrose; In the third group, newborns receive sucrose 1ml 24% two minutes before procedure, followed by non-nutritive sucking. During the procedure the newborn lies in his cot.
Active Comparator: supplemental breast milk; In group two, the newborns receive supplemental breast milk, lying in the arms of a nurse during the heel lance.	Other: supplemental breast milk; In group two, the newborns receive supplemental breast milk, lying in the arms of a nurse during the heel lance.
Active Comparator: Breast feeding; Newborns who are assigned to group one, receive breastfeeding during the blood sample and thereby have skin-skin contact between mother and child.	Other: breast feeding; Newborns who are assigned to group one, receive breastfeeding during the blood sample and thereby have skin-skin contact between mother and child.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pain scores assessed by the PIPP score	The primary outcome in this trial is the PIPP-score.The PIPP-score is a multidimensional pain assessment measure developed in 1995 . The PIPP-score is validated for procedural and post-operative pain in premature and term newborns.	The PIPP score will be assessed during a heellance. This heellance will be performed after one day of life and before two months.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pain score assessed by the COMFORTneo score	The COMFORTneo is a secondary outcome.The COMFORTneo is a pain assessment measure modified from the COMFORT behaviour scale. In 2009 the COMFORTneo is validated for prolonged pain. The COMFORTneo is not validated for procedural pain yet .	The COMFORTneo score will be assessed during a heellance. This heellance will be performed after one day of life and before two months.
partial correlation between the two pain assessment tools.	A secondary outcome is the partial correlation between the PIPP-score and the COMFORTneo score for a heellance in babies born with a postconceptional age between 32 and 37 weeks. When all films are observed, the COMFORTneo scores and PIPP scores are evaluated. We measure a partial correlation coefficient between these scores, to compare these two scores.	up to 2 years
intra-class correlation coefficient	This secondary outcome measure gives us information about the uniformity of the assessment of the films between the three investigators.	up to 2 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Amphia Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: RHT v Beek, phd, Amphia hospital Breda

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Simonse E, Mulder PG, van Beek RH. Analgesic effect of breast milk versus sucrose for analgesia during heel lance in late preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2012 Apr;129(4):657-63. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2173. Epub 2012 Mar 5.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 23, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 12, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): January 13, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 17, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 16, 2019
• Last Verified: January 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Premature; Breast milk; Heel lance
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pregnancy Complications; Obstetric Labor Complications; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Premature Birth
• Other Study ID Numbers: NL30111.101.09