Rapid Diagnostic Test for Detection of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnancy (GBS)

Use of a New Rapid Method, BioNanoPore, for Growth and Detection of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Patients

This study evaluates the use of a new method of growing and detecting Group B streptococcus in pregnant women. This new method utilizes sandwiched-membrane petri technology and has the advantage of detecting GBS in less than 6 hours, with less cost, and the potential of allowing antibiotic sensitivities to be performed.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pregnancy; Streptococcus Infection

Detailed Description

Intrapartum infection with group B streptococci (GBS) may lead to untoward neonatal sequelae such as pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that the use of intrapartum intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis (with penicillin being the agent of choice due to a narrower spectrum of antimicrobial activity) is highly effective to prevent early-onset neonatal GBS infections. It has been estimated that 10% to 30% of all pregnant women are GBS carriers, and it is likely that GBS colonizes virtually every female at some point. Consensus guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend prenatal screening at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation and chemoprophylaxis at delivery based upon this culture result. The CDC-recommended method for detecting GBS colonization involves collecting a combined vaginal and rectal specimen and culturing the organism in a selective broth medium, followed be subculturing onto blood agar plates.

However, this traditional method of culture takes up to 72 hours for results to be available. With 12.8% of patients experiencing a preterm delivery prior to when a GBS screening occurs, and up to 15% of term pregnancies not having routine GBS screening performed, a significant portion of women present with unknown GBS status at the time of potential delivery. These clinical situations require obstetricians to utilize a risk-based strategy that has been shown to be only half as effective as culture-based screening. Thus, a need exists for a rapid detection method for GBS.

Recent research has focused on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods for detection of GBS. Sensitivity for detection of GBS by the PCR assay has ranged from 87% to 91%. These methods are limited by high cost, and inability to perform antibiotic sensitivities for GBS (in women with a penicillin allergy). New technologies, called bionanopore (BNP) and bionanofilter (BNF) are rapid, microbial detection systems that utilizes sandwiched-membrane petri technology. These have the advantage of detecting GBS in less than 6 hours, with less cost, and the potential of allowing antibiotic sensitivities to be performed.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 358

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • UTHSC at Houston

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 50 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Pregnant patients who present to the UT resident or attending clinic between 35-37 weeks for routine follow-up will be asked to enroll.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• > 18 years
• 35-37 weeks pregnancy
• Patient receiving prenatal care at UT Houston Hermann Memorial OB/Gyn resident or attending clinic.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pt elects not to participate

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Culture of Group B streptococcus	Rapid assay results will be compared to routine culture results.	48 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jonathan Faro, MD, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: November 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 1, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 30, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 3, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): October 4, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): May 3, 2013
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 2, 2013
• Last Verified: May 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: GBS, Streptococcus, .; Group B
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Infections; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Infections and Mycoses; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Streptococcal Infections
• Other Study ID Numbers: HSC-MS-10-0317