A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Anti-Tumor Activity of the Oral Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)/Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitor Brigatinib (AP26113)

A Phase 1/2 Study of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Anti-Tumor Activity of the Oral ALK/EGFR Inhibitor AP26113

The purpose of this study is 2-fold: initially, in the dose escalation phase, the goal is to determine the safety profile of orally administered brigatinib, including: the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Then, once the RP2D is established, an expansion phase will assess the preliminary anti-tumor activity of brigatinib, both in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ALK gene rearrangement (including participants with active brain metastases) or mutated EGFR, and in other cancers with abnormal targets against which brigatinib is active.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Brigatinib

Detailed Description

The drug being tested in this study is called brigatinib (AP26113). Brigatinib is being tested to treat people with NSCLC. This study will look at the safety, tolerability and efficacy of brigatinib.

The study enrolled 137 patients. Participants were assigned to one of the following treatment groups:

• Brigatinib 30 mg once daily (QD)/60 mg QD
• Brigatinib 90 mg QD
• Brigatinib 120 mg QD/60 mg twice daily (BID)
• Brigatinib 90 mg QD-180 mg QD
• Brigatinib 180 mg QD/90 mg BID
• Brigatinib 240 mg QD/120 mg BID/300 mg QD

This multi-center trial will be conducted worldwide. The overall expected time to participate in this study is approximately 4 years. Participants will make multiple visits to the clinic, and 30 days after the End-of-Treatment visit. Follow-up is intended to continue for at least 2 years after the initial dose.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 137
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

General Eligibility Criteria

1. All participants must have tumor tissue available for analysis. If sufficient tissue is not available, participants must undergo a biopsy to obtain adequate samples. For participants in expansion cohorts 2, 3 and 5, for whom failure of prior therapy is specified (crizotinib for cohorts 2 and 5, one epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for cohort 3), tumor tissue must be available following failure of the prior therapy.
2. Must have measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).
3. Male or female participants ≥ 18 years old.
4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1.
5. Minimum life expectancy of 3 months or more.
6. Adequate renal and hepatic function.
7. Adequate bone marrow function.
8. Normal QT interval on screening electrocardiogram (ECG) evaluation.
9. For females of childbearing potential, a negative pregnancy test must be documented prior to enrollment.
10. Female participants who are of childbearing potential and fertile male participants must agree to use an effective form of contraception with their sexual partners throughout study participation.
11. Signed and dated informed consent indicating that the participant has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study.
12. Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits and study procedures.

Cohort-specific Eligibility Criteria

PART 1: Dose Escalation Phase:

1. Histologically confirmed advanced malignancies. All histologies except leukemia;
2. Refractory to available therapies or for whom no standard or available curative treatments exist;
3. Tumor tissue available for analysis.

PART 2: Expansion cohorts (5 additional cohorts):

1. Expansion cohort 1: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) participants whose tumors exhibit anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements and who have not been treated with previous ALK inhibitors.

i. Histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC; ii. Tumor tissue available for analysis (see General Eligibility Criterion 1; iii. History of ALK rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); iv. No prior ALK inhibitor therapy; 2. Expansion cohort 2: NSCLC participants whose tumors exhibit ALK rearrangements and who are resistant to crizotinib: i. Histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC; ii. Tumor tissue available for analysis (see General Eligibility Criterion 1); iii. History of ALK rearrangement by FISH; iv. Resistant to crizotinib (and have not received any other prior ALK inhibitor therapy); 3. Expansion cohort 3: NSCLC participants whose tumors exhibit an epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR-T790M mutation and who are resistant to 1 prior EGFR TKI: i. Histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC ii. Previous treatment with only 1 EGFR TKI for which the last administration was within 30 days of the initiation of brigatinib; iii. Documented evidence of an EGFR-T790M mutation following disease progression on the most recent EGFR TKI therapy; iv. No intervening systemic therapy between cessation of the EGFR TKI and initiating brigatinib; v. Tumor tissue available for analysis (see General Eligibility Criterion 1). 4. Expansion cohort 4: Participants with any cancers with abnormalities in ALK or other brigatinib targets. Examples include, but are not limited to, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT), and other cancers with ALK abnormalities, or tumors with ROS1 fusions: i. Histologically confirmed lymphomas and other cancers, with the exception of leukemias; ii. Tumor tissue available for analysis (see General Eligibility Criterion 1). 5. Expansion Cohort 5: NSCLC participants whose tumors exhibit ALK rearrangements and who have active, measurable brain metastases: i. Histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC: ii. Tumor tissue available for analysis (see General Eligibility Criterion 1); iii. History of ALK rearrangement by FISH; iv. Either crizotinib naive or resistant; v. Have at least one measurable brain lesion (≥ 10 mm by contrast enhanced, T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging [cMRI]). Previously treated brain lesions by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or surgical resection should not be included as a target or non-target lesion; vi. Previously untreated brain metastases with radiologically documented new or progressing brain lesions. Unequivocal progression of previously treated lesions (non-SRS and non-surgically treated lesions) at least 3 months after the last treatment; vii. Neurologically stable. Participants must be on a stable or deceasing dose of corticosteroids and/or have no requirement for anticonvulsants for 5 days prior to the baseline MRI and for 5 days prior to initiating brigatinib.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Received an investigational agent ≤ 14 days prior to initiating brigatinib.

2. Received systemic anticancer therapy (including monoclonal antibodies and irreversible TKIs such as afatinib or dacomitinib) or radiation therapy ≤ 14 days prior to initiating brigatinib.

   a. Except for a reversible TKI (ie, erlotinib or gefitinib) or crizotinib, which are allowed up to 72 hours prior to initiating brigatinib, provided that the participant is free of treatment-related toxicity that might confound the safety evaluation of brigatinib.

3. Received any prior agents targeted against ALK, with the exception of crizotinib, or received more than 1 prior EGFR TKI.

   a. Re-challenge with the same TKI is allowed.

4. Major surgery within 28 days prior to initiating brigatinib.

5. Brain metastases that are neurologically unstable or require anticonvulsants or an increasing dose of corticosteroids.

   1. Participants with previously treated brain metastases without evidence of disease or recurrence are allowed for cohorts 1-4.
   2. Participants with evaluable but non-measurable, active brain lesions who otherwise meet the criteria for cohort 5 for CNS disease can be enrolled in other cohorts.
6. Significant uncontrolled or active cardiovascular disease.
7. Uncontrolled hypertension (diastolic blood pressure [BP] > 100 mm Hg; systolic > 150 mm Hg).
8. Prolonged QT interval, or being treated with medications known to cause Torsades de Pointes.
9. History or presence of pulmonary interstitial disease or drug-related pneumonitis.
10. Ongoing or active infection. The requirement for intravenous (IV) antibiotics is considered active infection.
11. Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Testing is not required in the absence of history.
12. Pregnant or breastfeeding.
13. Malabsorption syndrome or other gastrointestinal illness that could affect oral absorption of brigatinib.
14. Any condition or illness that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would compromise participant safety or interfere with the evaluation of the safety of the drug.
15. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and spinal cord compression. In the case of suspected meningeal involvement, a negative lumbar puncture prior to study entry is required.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Brigatinib 30 mg QD/60 mg QD; Brigatinib 30 mg/60 mg, tablets, orally, once daily (QD) in each cycle of 28 days (Approximately up to 7.3 years).	Drug: Brigatinib; Brigatinib tablets and capsules.; Other Names: AP26113; ALUNBRIG™
EXPERIMENTAL: Brigatinib 90 mg QD; Brigatinib 90 mg, tablets, orally, QD in each cycle of 28 days (Approximately up to 7.3 years).	Drug: Brigatinib; Brigatinib tablets and capsules.; Other Names: AP26113; ALUNBRIG™
EXPERIMENTAL: Brigatinib 120 mg QD/60 mg BID; Brigatinib 120 mg, once daily or 60 mg, twice daily (BID), tablets, orally, in each cycle of 28 days (Approximately up to 7.3 years).	Drug: Brigatinib; Brigatinib tablets and capsules.; Other Names: AP26113; ALUNBRIG™
EXPERIMENTAL: Brigatinib 90 mg QD-180 mg QD; Brigatinib 90 mg, tablets, orally, once daily for 7 days followed by brigatinib 180 mg, orally once daily in Cycle 1 of 28 days followed by brigatinib 180 mg, orally once daily in cycle 2 and onward cycles of 28 days.	Drug: Brigatinib; Brigatinib tablets and capsules.; Other Names: AP26113; ALUNBRIG™
EXPERIMENTAL: Brigatinib 180 mg QD/90 mg BID; Brigatinib 180 mg, once daily or 90 mg, BID, tablets, orally in each cycle of 28 days (Approximately up to 7.3 years).	Drug: Brigatinib; Brigatinib tablets and capsules.; Other Names: AP26113; ALUNBRIG™
EXPERIMENTAL: Brigatinib 240 mg QD/120 mg BID/300 mg QD; Brigatinib 240 mg, QD or 120 mg, BID or 300 mg once daily, tablets, orally, in each cycle of 28 days (Approximately up to 7.3 years).	Drug: Brigatinib; Brigatinib tablets and capsules.; Other Names: AP26113; ALUNBRIG™

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) of Brigatinib	The RP2D is the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or less. The MTD is defined as the dose range at which ≤ 1 of 6 evaluable participants experience dose limiting toxicities (DLT) within the first 28 days of treatment (end of Cycle 1).	28 days
Objective Response Rate (ORR)	ORR assessed by the investigator, is defined as the percentage of the participants with complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid tumors (RECIST) v1.1 after the initiation of study treatment. CR for target lesion: disappearance of all extranodal lesions and all pathological lymph nodes must have decreased to <10 mm in short axis. CR for non-target lesion: Disappearance of all extranodal non-target lesions, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10mm short axis) and normalization of tumor marker level. PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (SLD) of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Crzb=Crizotinib.	From Screening and at 8-week intervals thereafter up to end of the study (up to 8.4 years)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants Who Had at Least One Treatment-Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)	An Adverse Event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a drug; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) is defined as an adverse event with an onset that occurs after receiving study drug.	From first dose of study drug up to 30 days following the last dose of the study treatment or the investigator/participant decision to discontinue treatment, whichever occurs first (approximately up to 7.4 years)
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) Assessed in Dose Escalation Phase of the Study	The MTD is defined as the highest dose at which ≤ 1 of 6 evaluable participants experience a DLT within the first 28 days of treatment (end of Cycle 1).	Up to Cycle 1 (28 days)
Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) Assessed in Dose Escalation Phase of the Study	DLT include any toxicity that is possibly, probably, or definitely drug-related. Toxicity grades will be defined by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v 4.0. DLTs are defined by the following: A) Non-hematologic toxicities: Any grade ≥3 non-hematologic toxicity, with the exception of self-limiting or medically controllable toxicities (eg, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, electrolyte disturbances, hypersensitivity reactions) lasting < 3 days, and excluding alopecia. B) Hematologic toxicities: Febrile neutropenia not related to underlying disease (fever, > 101°F; ANC<500); Prolonged grade 4 neutropenia (> 7 days); Neutropenic infection: ≥ grade 3 neutropenia with ≥ grade 3 infection; Thrombocytopenia ≥ grade 3 with bleeding or grade 4 lasting ≥ 7 days. C) Missed ≥ 25% of planned doses of brigatinib over 28 days due to treatment-related AEs in the first cycle.	Up to Cycle 1 (28 days)
Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Brigatinib at Cycle 1 Day 1		Cycle 1 (28-days cycle): Day 1
Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Brigatinib at Cycle 2 Day 1		Cycle 2 (28-days cycle): Day 1
Tmax: Time to Reach the Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Brigatinib at Cycle 1 Day 1		Cycle 1 (28-days cycle): Day 1
Tmax: Time to Reach the Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Brigatinib at Cycle 2 Day 1		Cycle 2 (28-days cycle): Day 1
AUC(0-24): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 24 Hours Post-dose for Brigatinib at Cycle 1 Day 1		Cycle 1 (28-days cycle): Day 1 multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post-dose
AUC(0-24): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 24 Hours Post-dose for Brigatinib at Cycle 2 Day 1		Cycle 2 (28-days cycle): Day 1 multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post-dose
T1/2: Terminal Phase Elimination Half-life for Brigatinib at Cycle 2 Day 1		Cycle 2 (28-days cycle): Day 1
Best Overall Response	Best overall response is defined as percentage of participants with CR, PR, stable disease (SD) or progressive disease (PD) as per of RECIST v1.1 as evaluated by investigator. CR for target lesion: disappearance of all extranodal lesions and all pathological lymph nodes must have decreased to <10 mm in short axis. CR for non-target lesion: disappearance of all extranodal non-target lesions, all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<10mm short axis) and normalization of tumor marker level. PR: at least a 30% decrease in the SLD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Disease progression for target lesion: SLD increased by at least 20% from smallest value on study and SLD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm or development of any new lesion. PD for non-target lesion: unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. SD for neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD.	Screening and at 8-week intervals thereafter up to end of the study (up to 8.4 years)
Duration of Response	Duration of response is defined as time interval from time that measurement criteria are first met for CR/PR (whichever is first recorded) until first date that progressive disease is objectively documented or death due to any cause. Participants who did not progress nor die were censored at last valid response assessment.CR for target lesion: disappearance of all extranodal lesions and all pathological lymph nodes must have decreased to <10 mm in short axis.CR for non-target lesion:disappearance of all extranodal non-target lesions,all lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size(<10mm short axis) and normalization of tumor marker level.PR:at least a 30% decrease in SLD of target lesions.PD for target lesion:SLD increased by at least 20% from smallest value and must also demonstrate an absolute increase of >=5 mm or development of any new lesion.PD for non-target lesion:unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions.Duration of response calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimation.	Screening and at 8-week intervals thereafter up to end of the study (up to 8.4 years)
Progression Free Survival (PFS)	PFS is defined as the time interval from the date of the first dose of the study treatment until the first date at which disease progression is objectively documented, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Disease progression for target lesion: SLD increased by at least 20% from the smallest value on study (including baseline, if that is the smallest) and SLD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm or development of any new lesion. Disease progression for non-target lesion: Unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. (Subjective judgment by experienced reader).	Screening and at 8-week intervals thereafter up to end of the study (up to 8.4 years)
Overall Survival (OS)	OS is defined as the time interval from the date of the first dose of the study treatment until death due to any cause.	Screening and at 8-week intervals thereafter up to end of the study (up to 8.4 years)
Intracranial Objective Response Rate	Intracranial objective response rate is defined as the percentage of the participants with CR or PR in the intracranial CNS per modification of RECIST v1.1 after the initiation of study drug. CR for target lesion: disappearance of all extranodal lesions. CR for non-target lesion: disappearance of all extranodal non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level. PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (SLD) of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.	Screening and at 8-week intervals thereafter (approximately up to 50 months)
Duration of Intracranial Response	Intracranial duration of response is defined as the time interval from the time that the measurement criteria are first met for CR/PR in brain metastases (whichever is first recorded) until the first date that progressive disease is objectively documented or death due to any cause. Participants who did not progress nor die were censored at the last valid response assessment. Duration intracranial of response was calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimation.	Screening and at 8-week intervals thereafter (approximately up to 50 months)
Intracranial Progression Free Survival (PFS)	PFS is defined as the time interval from the date of the first dose of the study treatment until the first date at which disease progression in brain, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Intracranial PFS was calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimation.	Screening and at 8-week intervals thereafter (approximately up to 50 months)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ariad Pharmaceuticals

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Camidge DR, Kim DW, Tiseo M, Langer CJ, Ahn MJ, Shaw AT, Huber RM, Hochmair MJ, Lee DH, Bazhenova LA, Gold KA, Ou SI, West HL, Reichmann W, Haney J, Clackson T, Kerstein D, Gettinger SN. Exploratory Analysis of Brigatinib Activity in Patients With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastases in Two Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Sep 10;36(26):2693-2701. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.77.5841. Epub 2018 May 16.
• Gettinger SN, Bazhenova LA, Langer CJ, Salgia R, Gold KA, Rosell R, Shaw AT, Weiss GJ, Tugnait M, Narasimhan NI, Dorer DJ, Kerstein D, Rivera VM, Clackson T, Haluska FG, Camidge DR. Activity and safety of brigatinib in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer and other malignancies: a single-arm, open-label, phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Dec;17(12):1683-1696. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30392-8. Epub 2016 Nov 8.
• Yu HA, Riely GJ. Second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancers. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013 Feb 1;11(2):161-9. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2013.0024.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): September 20, 2011
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): November 16, 2015
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): February 18, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 30, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 6, 2011
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): October 10, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): August 17, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 26, 2021
• Last Verified: July 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Lung Diseases; Neoplasms by Site; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Thoracic Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Bronchial Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Lymphoma; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic
• Other Study ID Numbers: AP26113-11-101; 2011-005718-12 (EUDRACT_NUMBER); U1111-1196-8197 (OTHER: World Health Organization)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Takeda provides access to the de-identified individual participant data (IPD) for eligible studies to aid qualified researchers in addressing legitimate scientific objectives (Takeda's data sharing commitment is available on https://clinicaltrials.takeda.com/takedas-commitment?commitment=5). These IPDs will be provided in a secure research environment following approval of a data sharing request, and under the terms of a data sharing agreement.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: IPD from eligible studies will be shared with qualified researchers according to the criteria and process described on https://vivli.org/ourmember/takeda/. For approved requests, the researchers will be provided access to anonymized data (to respect patient privacy in line with applicable laws and regulations) and with information necessary to address the research objectives under the terms of a data sharing agreement.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF; CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No