Silastic Ring Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Patients

September 22, 2021 updated by: Dr. Michael Booth, North Shore Hospital, New Zealand

Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Laparoscopic Silastic Ring Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Versus Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Patients

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity are becoming increasingly common in New Zealand (NZ) and worldwide. Both are associated with a risk of early mortality (death). Whilst weight loss surgery is known to be effective for weight loss, current research suggests that it may also be effective in resolving T2DM in around 60-80% of patients, with some no longer requiring their medication. The mechanism for this remains unclear.

Two main types of weight loss surgery are performed in NZ public hospitals, which include gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. The gastric bypass is a more complex procedure compared to the sleeve gastrectomy. Whilst both appear to be effective for weight loss (with most patients losing more than 60% of their excess weight), it is still not known which one is better for treating T2DM.

This study will therefore compare which of these two surgical procedures is most effective at treating T2DM in obese patients, as well as comparing whether there are any differences in the amount of weight lost, side effects and quality of life.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

EFFECTS OF DIABETES AND OBESITY The World Health Organization indicates that 346 million people worldwide have diabetes. This is expected to double between 2005 and 2030. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 90% of people with diabetes and is known to result from a combination of physical inactivity and excess weight. In New Zealand (NZ) more than 200,000 people have diabetes, with an incidence amongst the Maori and Pacific population three times greater than other NZ ethnic groups. Obesity is also more prevalent amongst this population, with each 5 kg/m2 higher BMI resulting in a 30% higher overall mortality.

Over the last 10 years bariatric surgery has been recognised as an effective strategy to treat both morbid obesity and T2DM. Indeed in a systematic review in 2004, by Buchwald et al, an overall T2DM remission rate of 76% was seen following bariatric surgery. In March 2011 the International Diabetic Federation released a position statement recognising bariatric surgery as an appropriate treatment option in those patients with T2DM and a body mass index (BMI)> OR = 35kg/m2 or BMI 30-35kg/m2 where medical treatment has failed.

SURGICAL PROCEDURES Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB): Currently the most commonly performed bariatric procedure worldwide. It combines a restrictive and malabsorptive (duodenal bypass) component, with a mean excess weight loss (EWL) of 61.6% and T2DM remission rate of 83.8% reported. Analysis of our own series identified a T2DM remission rate at 1 year of 88%.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG): A predominantly restrictive procedure (no bypass component), which was initially used as a staged approach to biliopancreatic diversion and duodenal switch (BPD-DS), has gained increasing popularity due its relatively lower technical complexity. In a recent systematic review a mean EWL of >45% (range 6.3 - 74.6%) was reported with an overall T2DM remission rate of 66%, which reduced to 59% where only those studies reporting 1 year outcomes were analysed. There is however a lack of medium and long term data and meta-analysis is currently not feasible in view of the high heterogeneity of studies and the lack of randomised controlled trials.

MECHANISM OF ACTION The mechanism of T2DM remission following these procedures remains unclear and may relate to the effects of reduced caloric intake or gut hormone effects in the proximal and distal intestine. Following LRYGB, the improvement in glycaemic control appears to occur before weight loss and may be explained by exclusion of the duodenum / proximal jejunum reducing insulin resistance or an enhanced hormonal response resulting from nutrients in the distal small bowel. Following LSG both hormonal changes and a hindgut theory have been proposed. In addition there is increasing evidence that changes in bone mineral density and body composition, with a reduction in body fat and lean tissue mass, and an increase in resting energy expenditure, may also occur following gastric bypass and other restrictive surgical procedures. It is unclear whether such changes correlate with the degree of comorbidity resolution after surgery.

CONCLUSION At the current time much of the data relating to LSG is based on non-randomised observational studies and it remains unclear whether the promising T2DM remission rates and excess weight loss reported will be sustainable in the long term. In the only published randomised trial, by Lee et al. from Taiwan, to compare T2DM remission rates at 1 year between LSG and gastric bypass in BMI < 35, a much higher remission rate of 93% was seen following gastric bypass compared with 47% following LSG. Given the potential technical benefits of LSG, there is an urgent need to compare the efficacy of this procedure with the more commonly performed LRYGB procedure, at a time when clinical equipoise remains, in order to determine the optimum approach to T2DM in the future.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

106

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • New Zealand
      • Auckland, New Zealand
        • University of Auckland
      • Auckland, New Zealand, 0622
        • North Shore Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

20 years to 50 years (ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 20 to 50 years old
  • Body mass index 35-65
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 6 months
  • Suitable for either of the two surgical procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Aged >50 years
  • BMI >65
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus or secondary forms of diabetes
  • Previous bariatric or oesophagogastric surgery
  • Previous small bowel resection
  • Severe cardiorespiratory or gastrointestinal disease
  • Myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular event within last 6 months
  • Malignancy in last 5 years
  • Poorly controlled psychiatric disorder
  • Contraindication to general anaesthesia
  • Current smoker

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: DOUBLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Laparoscopic Silastic Ring Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Procedure: Laparoscopic Silastic Ring Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
An isolated lesser curve-based gastric pouch will be created, with an antecolic antegastric Roux limb fashioned measuring 100 cm in length. The biliopancreatic limb will measure 50cm for all patients. A 6.5cm silastic ring will be placed above the gastrojejunostomy to prevent long term stomal dilatation.
Other Names:
  • GBP
  • RYGB
  • Silastic ring Gastric bypass
  • Fobi pouch
  • LRYGBP
  • LRYGB
  • SR gastric bypass
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Procedure: Laparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy
Resection of the greater curvature of the stomach from the distal antrum (2cm proximal to pylorus) to the angle of His, using a laparoscopic stapling device over a 36Fr bougie, will be performed to create a lesser curve gastric sleeve
Other Names:
  • Vertical sleeve gastrectomy

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus/ glycaemic control
Time Frame: 5 years
COMPLETE:Defined as fasting plasma glucose less than 5.6mmol/L and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) less than 6.0% in the abscence of active pharmacologic therapy PARTIAL:Defined as fasting plasma glucose between 5.6 and 6.9mmol/L and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between 6.0 and 6.5% in the abscence of active pharmacologic therapy
5 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Comorbidity resolution
Time Frame: 5 years
Measurement of changes in blood pressure, blood lipid profile, obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms and CPAP usage, urinary incontinence frequency, angina severity, reflux symptoms using Visick scale, medication changes
5 years
Peri/ post-operative morbidity and mortality
Time Frame: 30-day, In-hospital, 1 year and 5 years
For example haemorrhage, thromboembolic events, cardiorespiratory events, marginal ulceration, anastomotic / staple line leak, internal herniation, nutritional deficiencies and mortality
30-day, In-hospital, 1 year and 5 years
Changes in body composition, resting energy expenditure and bone density
Time Frame: 1 year and 5 years
Includes use of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
1 year and 5 years
Quality of Life
Time Frame: 1 year and 5 years
Qualitative scores using Short Form-36 and Hospital and Anxiety depression scale
1 year and 5 years

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Weight loss (excess weight loss and actual weight loss)
Time Frame: 5 years
Weight loss in kiloigrams, Body mass Index change and percentage excess weight loss
5 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

North Shore Hospital, New Zealand

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Michael Booth, MBA FRACS, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

September 1, 2011

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

October 1, 2014

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

October 1, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 28, 2011

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 4, 2011

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

December 6, 2011

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

September 28, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 22, 2021

Last Verified

September 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • NTY/11/07/082
  • ACTRN12611000751976 (REGISTRY: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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