Natural History Study of Children and Adults With Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Longitudinal Assessment and Natural History Study of Children and Adults With MEN2A or MEN2B With or Without Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Background:

- Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare cancer of the thyroid gland. In children and adults, it is often part of a condition called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2 (MEN2). MEN2 is usually caused by a genetic mutation, and it can cause a number of problems in addition to MTC. These problems include adrenal gland tumors, hormone changes, and problems with the bones and other organs. Not much is known about how MTC develops over time, especially in people with MEN2. Researchers want to study MTC in children and adults and see how it affects their growth and development.

Objectives:

- To study how medullary thyroid cancer affects children and adults over time.

Eligibility:

- Children and adults who have medullary thyroid cancer.

Design:

• Participants will be screened with a brief physical exam and medical history. Blood and tissue samples will be collected to see whether participants have the MEN2 genetic mutation.
• Treatment will not be provided as part of this study. However, participants will be receiving standard care for MTC. They may be eligible for other clinical trials at the National Institutes of Health.
• Participants will have regular study visits every 6 to 12 months to evaluate their MTC and any treatment. Blood tests, imaging studies, and other tests may be performed as needed to monitor the disease.
• Participants and their parents/guardians will also complete questionnaires about their health and emotions during the study.

Study Overview

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Conditions: Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Detailed Description

Background:

• Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) is a calcitonin producing tumor arising from the parafollicular C cells of thyroid. In children and adults, MTC is usually seen in association with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) 2A and 2B, which are rare cancer syndromes resulting from germline mutations of Rearranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene. MTC develops in virtually all patients with MEN 2, and is the leading cause of death in these patients. Patients with MEN 2 may have other characteristic manifestations such as pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism in MEN 2A and pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis, and skeletal deformities in MEN 2B.
• Complete surgical resection is the only current curative treatment for MTC, and the tumor is unresponsive to standard chemotherapy and conventional doses of radiation therapy. However, more than half the patients present with advanced or metastatic disease and cannot be cured surgically. Novel agents are currently under investigation for treatment of MTC, and vandetanib, an oral RET and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor was recently approved by the FDA for adults with advanced or metastatic MTC. Vandetanib also has activity in children with hereditary MTC.
• However, complete responses to RTKs have not been observed, and some patients develop resistance to the treatment with RET and RTK inhibitors or have primary refractory disease. The natural history of MTC, particularly in patients with MEN 2, the molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis, and the development of resistance to targeted therapies are not well understood.

Objectives:

-The overall objective of this longitudinal study is to develop a better understanding of the biology and natural history of MEN2 with or without MTC, particularly in children and adults with MEN 2A and 2B, as well as study non-tumor manifestations of MEN 2. This will hopefully allow for developing more effective treatment interventions for tumor and non-tumor related manifestations, and more sensitive endpoints in clinical trials.

Eligibility:

• Patients, must have histologically or cytologically confirmed MTC, confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, NCI or who have MEN2 (regardless of MTC status).
• Parent or primary caregiver of patient participant (<= 21)
• Participants may be undergoing standard care or receiving treatment on a clinical trial while participating in this study.

Design:

This study will allow for longitudinal evaluations of MTC and MEN2 and non-tumor related manifestations of MEN 2A and 2B in children and adults. Evaluations will consist of the following (summarized):

1. Clinical and radiological evaluations
2. Detailed pathologic and molecular analysis of tumor specimens will be performed, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and genome sequencing. CGH and genome sequencing will be performd with co-enrollment on protocol 10-C-0086 Comprehensive Omics Analysis of Pediatric Solid Tumors and Establishment of a Repository for Related Biological Studies.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 105

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
      • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 4 months and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed MTC, confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, or confirmed MEN2A or MEN2B diagnosis, regardless of presence of MTC. Parents or caregivers of the enrolled patients will also be enrolled.

Description

• INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PATIENTS:
• Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed MTC, confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, NCI OR Confirmation of MEN2A or MEN2B diagnosis, regardless of presence of MTC.
• Performance Status: Ability to travel to the NIH and to undergo evaluations to be performed on this protocol.
• Informed Consent: Ability of patient or their legal guardian (if the patient is <18 years old) to understand and willing to sign a written informed consent document.
• Prior and current therapy: For the purpose of this study subjects who have not previously received medical or surgical treatment, patients, who have previously received medical or surgical treatment, and subjects who are currently receiving medical treatment and/or radiation for MEN 2 related manifestation(s) will be eligible. Prior and current treatment for MEN 2 related manifestations will be recorded at trial entry and throughout the study.
• Patients must have a primary care provider (for example a primary oncologist or endocrinologist) who can provide and coordinate the medical care for the patient.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PATIENTS:

-In the opinion of the investigator the patient is not able to return for follow-up visits or obtain required follow-up studies.

Inclusion Criteria for Parents or Primary Caregivers

• Must be a parent or primary caregiver of a patient (< 21) who has a histologically or cytologically confirmed MTC or who have MEN2 (regardless of MTC status).
• Ability to understand and be willing to sign a written informed consent document.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PARENTS OR PRIMARY CAREGIVERS: None

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Parents/caregivers; Parents or caregivers of study patients to assess their psychosocial experiences and needs.
Patients; Children and adults with MTC and MEN2B, other non-tumor manifestations of MEN2, and patients with MEN2 who do not demonstrate MTC. Characterize the biology and manifestations of their disease.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Study growth rate of primary and metastatic tumor lesions	Characterized features will be described and presented.	5 years
Study molecular pathways altered in MTC	Characterized features will be described and presented.	5 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Describe the non-tumor related manifestations of MEN 2	Describe the non-tumor related manifestations of MEN 2	5 years
Investigate the psychosocial experiences	Investigate the psychosocial experiences	5 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: John W Glod, M.D., National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Li I, Hartley IR, Klubo-Gwiedzdzinska J, Reynolds JC, Thomas BJ, Hogan J, Enyew MM, Dombi E, Ling A, Akshintala S, Venzon DJ, Del Rivero J, Collins M, Glod JW. Fracture Risk in Pediatric Patients With MEN2B. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Nov 25;107(12):e4371-e4378. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac500.

Helpful Links

• NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web Page

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 30, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 7, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 7, 2012
• First Posted (Estimated): August 9, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 14, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 11, 2026
• Last Verified: September 10, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Natural History; Pheochromocytoma; Thyroid Tumor; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2; RET Mutations
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Endocrine Gland Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Paraganglioma; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Thyroid Diseases; Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Pheochromocytoma; Carcinoma, Medullary; Thyroid Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: 120178; 12-C-0178

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: All IPD recorded in the medical record will be shared with intramural investigators upon request.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Clinical data available during the study and indefinitely.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Clinical data will be made available via subscription to BTRIS and with the permission of the study PI.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No