Phase I/II Study of Capecitabine Plus Aflibercept to Treat Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (X-TRAP)

X-TRAP: Phase I/II Study of Capecitabine Plus Aflibercept in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

The Primary Phase I objectives are to determine the recommended phase II dose for the capecitabine and aflibercept doublet combination; and to describe any dose limiting and non-dose limiting toxicities. The Phase II Primary objective is to determine progression free survival associated with this regimen. The Phase II secondary objectives are to determine response rate associated with this regimen; to determine overall survival associated with this regimen; and to explore any correlation of clinical outcome with baseline and on treatment changes in blood-based angiogenesis biomarkers.

This open-label, non-randomized phase I/II trial is designed to assess the safety, tolerability and RPTD of capecitabine plus aflibercept in adult subjects with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Capecitabine and aflibercept

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 63
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
      • Duke Cancer Center, Duke University Medical Center
  • Virginia
    • Norfolk, Virginia, United States, 23502
      • Virginia Oncology Associates

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. For the phase I portion, patients must have histologically and/or cytologically confirmed malignant solid tumor that is refractory to standard therapies.

   For the phase II portion, patients must have histologically and/or cytologically confirmed metastatic colorectal carcinoma that has progressed on, is intolerant of, or is inappropriate for all standard therapies. Subjects must have been treated with a fluoropyrimidine (e.g., 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine), oxaliplatin, irinotecan and bevacizumab or have contraindication to such treatment. Prior epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting agent (or contraindication to these drugs) is required for subjects with K-Ras wildtype tumors

2. Measurable disease by RECIST 1.1 criteria (see Appendix 1). Previously irradiated sites can be included if there is documented progression of disease in that site.
3. Age 18 years and older.
4. KPS > 70% (see Appendix 2)
5. Life expectancy > 3 months.

6. Adequate organ and marrow function as defined below:

   • Absolute neutrophil count > 1.5 x 109/L
   • Platelet count > 100 x 109/L
   • Hemoglobin > 9 g/dl
   • Total bilirubin < 1.5 x ULN
   • AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) < 2.5 x ULN (or <5 x ULN if liver metastases)
   • Creatinine clearance ≥50 mls/min by Cockcroft-Gault
   • Urine Protein/Creatinine ratio < 1 (or protein < 1+ on urinalysis or 24hour urine protein < 1gram/24 hours)
7. Previous radiotherapy for palliation of recurrent disease is allowed if >4 weeks have elapsed since completion of therapy.
8. Ability to take oral medications.
9. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
10. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days from day 1 of study drug; both men and women must be willing to use two methods of contraception, one of them being a barrier method during the study and for 6 months after last study drug administration.
11. Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients currently receiving anticancer therapies or who have received anticancer therapies within 4 weeks from day 1 of study drug (including investigational agents, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, antibody based therapy, etc.)
2. History of severe hypersensitivity reactions/anaphylaxis attributed to humanized and/or chimeric monoclonal antibodies or other such proteins.
3. History of significant intolerance to capecitabine or 5FU (ie. Grade 4 toxicity related to one of these agents; grade 3-4 toxicity related to other concurrently administered agents is not an exclusion).
4. History of abdominal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation at any point within 6 months prior to day 1 of study drug, unless surgically repaired.
5. Active peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease), diverticular disease or other gastrointestinal conditions with increased risk of perforation or gastrointestinal bleeding.
6. Active bleeding diathesis or history of any major bleeding, CNS bleeding, or significant hemoptysis within 6 months of enrollment.
7. Anticoagulation with warfarin (anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin is not an exclusion).
8. History of arterial thromboembolic events or symptomatic pulmonary embolism within 6 months of study enrollment.
9. Poorly controlled hypertension [defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP of >150 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of >90 mmHg]
10. Patients who have had a major surgery or significant traumatic injury within 4 weeks from day 1 of study drug.
11. History of active brain metastases or carcinomatous meningitis (treated metastases are permitted, provided the patient is asymptomatic and off steroids for 28 days).
12. Female patients who are pregnant or breast feeding, or adults of reproductive potential who are not using effective birth control methods. Two acceptable forms of contraceptives must be continued throughout the trial by either sex. Hormonal contraceptives are not acceptable as a sole method of contraception. (Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to day 1 of study drug).
13. Any active infection, intercurrent illness, severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or study drug administration, or may interfere with the interpretation of study results, and in the judgment of the investigator would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Phase 1: Capecitabine and Aflibercept; A standard 3+3 dose escalation format will be used. Capecitabine will start at 850mg/m2 to be given on days 1-14 and off days 15-21. If tolerated, the dose will then be escalated to 1000mg/m2 for the next cohort, given on the same schedule. The dose of aflibercept will be held constant at 6 mg/kg, given intravenously every 3 weeks.	Drug: Capecitabine and aflibercept; Capecitabine given on days 1-14 and off days 15-21. Dose: Phase 1 cohort 1 850mg/m2 Phase 1 cohort 2 1000mg/m2, Phase 2 RPTD. Aflibercept will be held constant at 6 mg/kg, given intravenously every 3 weeks. Both agents will be administered on a 21-day cycle.
Experimental: Phase 2: Capecitabine and Aflibercept; Once the RPTD of the doublet combination has been identified, an additional 50 subjects with metastatic colorectal cancer will be added to a single, Phase 2 arm	Drug: Capecitabine and aflibercept; Capecitabine given on days 1-14 and off days 15-21. Dose: Phase 1 cohort 1 850mg/m2 Phase 1 cohort 2 1000mg/m2, Phase 2 RPTD. Aflibercept will be held constant at 6 mg/kg, given intravenously every 3 weeks. Both agents will be administered on a 21-day cycle.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Recommended Phase II Dose (RPTD) for the Capecitabine and Aflibercept Doublet Combination	Phase 1 of this study will be the dose escalation component to determine safety and the Recommended Phase II dose (RPTD) for the capecitabine plus aflibercept combination. Cohort 1 will receive 850mg/m2 capecitabine and 6mg/kg aflibercept. If less than 2 of 6 patients experience a dose limiting toxicity in Cohort 1, then the next patients will be enrolled in Cohort 2 at 1000mg/m2 capecitabine and 6mg/kg aflibercept. RPTD is determined by the number of dose limiting toxicities (Primary obj 2 for Phase I).	RPTD for the study will be determined at the completion of Phase I; up to 1 year.
Number of Dose-Limiting Toxicities (Phase 1)	Number of patients experiencing a dose-limiting toxicity in each cohort. A dose-limiting toxicity is defined as Grade 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or anemia or grade 3 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia lasting over 7 days Grade 3 thrombocytopenia associated with bleeding Febrile Neutropenia Nausea/Vomiting or Diarrhea ≥ grade 3 and lasting ≥ 4 days despite adequate supportive measures Grade ≥ 3 Bilirubin, ALT or AST > 7 days Other non-hematologic toxicity ≥ grade 3 excluding alopecia, anorexia, fatigue, hypertension, isolated lab abnormalities (not clinically significant) and/ rare, idiosyncratic reactions to any of the study drugs. Anorexia, fatigue and hypertension will be considered as DLT only if they reach grade 4 or are considered unmanageable Treatment delay of ≥ 14 days for cycle 2 due to unresolved toxicity Treatment-related death or clinically significant,treatment-related hospitalization	28 days
Median Progression Free Survival (PFS)	Time in months from the start of study treatment to the date of first progression (PD) according to the RECIST criteria, or death due to any cause. Per RECIST criteria, a PD is indicated when there is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameters from target lesions relative to the smallest sum recorded since treatment is initiated. Median PFS was estimated using a Kaplan-Meier curve, and is the time at which 50% of patients remain alive without disease progression.	approximately 5 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Response Rate	The percentage of patients for whom the best overall response is complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). A CR occurs when all lesions disappear; whereas, a PR is indicated when there is at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (LD) of the target lesion. A PD (progressive disease) occurs when there is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the LD relative to the smallest sum LD recorded since treatment is initiated. Disease is considered stable if there is no response and no PD. All patients were assigned a best response for inclusion in this calculation in accordance with the protocol.	approximately every 9 weeks and/or restaging, through study completion
Median Survival	Time in months from the start of study treatment to date of death due to any cause. Median survival was estimated using a Kaplan-Meier curve and is the time point at which 50% of patients remain alive.	Subjects will be followed until death which is estimated to be on average 6 months - 1 year after coming off protocol therapy

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: John Strickler, M.D.
• Collaborators: Sanofi
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: John Strickler, MD, Duke University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Strickler JH, Rushing CN, Niedzwiecki D, McLeod A, Altomare I, Uronis HE, Hsu SD, Zafar SY, Morse MA, Chang DZ, Wells JL, Blackwell KL, Marcom PK, Arrowood C, Bolch E, Haley S, Rangwala FA, Hatch AJ, Nixon AB, Hurwitz HI. A phase Ib study of capecitabine and ziv-aflibercept followed by a phase II single-arm expansion cohort in chemotherapy refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2019 Nov 1;19(1):1032. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-6234-8.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: August 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 12, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): June 12, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 31, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 7, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): August 10, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 29, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 25, 2018
• Last Verified: October 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: colorectal cancer; advanced solid tumors; metastatic; refractory; all solid tumors
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Rectal Diseases; Colorectal Neoplasms; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; Growth Substances; Growth Inhibitors; Capecitabine; Aflibercept
• Other Study ID Numbers: Pro00037688

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No