Test-retest Reproducibility of [11C]PHNO PET Using the Constant Infusion Paradigm (phno_amth)

March 4, 2020 updated by: Yale University

Test-retest Reproducibility of [11C]PHNO PET Using the Constant Infusion

A research study designed to examine amphetamine-induced dopamine release using the PET imaging agent [11C]PHNO in tobacco smokers while currently smoking and during acute withdrawal and in nonsmokers. Twenty healthy men and women tobacco smokers and twenty healthy nonsmokers will be recruited. Each subject will participate in 1 MRI and up to 2 [11C]PHNO PET scans. On the study day subjects will participate in two [11C]PHNO scans (ideally, the two PET scans will be carried out in the same day). Three hours before the second PET scan, amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, PO) will be administered. In smokers, the scan will occur at 10-21 days of smoking abstinence.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

To determine amphetamine-induced DA release in tobacco smokers while currently smoking and during acute withdrawal and in nonsmokers. Twenty healthy men and women tobacco smokers and twenty healthy nonsmokers will be recruited. Each subject will participate in 1 MRI and up to 2 [11C]PHNO PET scans. On the PET study day subjects will participate in two [11C]PHNO scans (ideally, the two PET scans will be carried out in the same day). Three hours before the second PET scan, amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, PO) will be administered. In smokers, the set of scans will occur at 10-21 days of smoking abstinence. Smoking abstinence will be determined by carbon monoxide and urine cotinine (a breakdown product of nicotine in cigarette smoke) levels. Subjects will be asked to breathe into a breathalyzer to measure carbon monoxide and to provide a urine sample to measure cotinine. Smoking abstinence will be confirmed by carbon monoxide and cotinine levels that are reduced as compared to actively smoking. We hypothesize that smokers at 10-21 days of withdrawal will have amphetamine-induced DA release that is blunted compared to healthy nonsmokers.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (3 T) will be collected in each subject to co-register PET and MRI for image analysis. Within two weeks of the PET study, an MRI will be acquired at the Yale University MRI Center. Subjects will be taken through a ferromagnetic metal detector before entering the scan room. The acquisition sequence is a 3D fast spoiled grass (FSPGR) MR pulse sequence with an IR prep of 300 ms. (TE= 3.3 ms, flip angle=17 degrees; slice thickness= 1.2 mm) optimized for delineating gray matter/white matter/CSF boundaries. The small voxel size (0.93 X 1.2 X 0.93 mm) provides high-resolution volumetric images. MR images provide a matching anatomical atlas for creating individualized region-of-interest templates for each subject.

Subject preparation consists of two intravenous (IV) catheterizations and immobilization of the head. PET scans are acquired as subjects rest using an HRRT PET scanner (207 slices, resolution better than 3 mm FWHM). This resolution permits visualization of the PHNO and raclopride uptake in the ventral/dorsal striatum, in globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra (SN). A transmission scan using an orbiting 137Cs point-source is obtained for each emission scan. Motion correction will be performed dynamically with measurements from the Vicra (NDI Systems, Waterloo, Ontario) used by a dedicated list-mode reconstruction algorithm.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

10

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

    • Connecticut
      • New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06519
        • Yale University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 55 years (ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • men and women, aged 18-55 years
  • who are able to read and write
  • who are able to give voluntary written informed consent
  • have no current uncontrolled medical condition such as neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, renal, liver, or thyroid pathology
  • have no history of a neurological or psychiatric disorder, e.g., no DSMIV Axis 1 diagnosis in 2 preceding years, except nicotine dependence in smokers)
  • drink less than 21 drinks/week for women and less than 35 drinks per week for men
  • have not used marijuana in the past 30 days and have not met criteria for dependence in the past 2 years
  • do not suffer from claustrophobia or any MRI contradictions
  • nonsmokers (smoked < 40 cigarettes in lifetime with urinary cotinine levels 0-30 ng/mL both at intake evaluation and on scan day)
  • smokers (smoked at least 10 cigarettes/day for at least one year with an FTND>3, urine cotinine >150 ng/mL and CO >12 ppm at intake)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • psychosis
  • presence of acute or unstable medical or neurological illness. Subjects will be excluded from the study if they present with any history of serious medical or neurological illness or if they show signs of a major medical or neurological illness on examination or lab testing including history of seizures, head injury, brain tumor, heart, liver or kidney disease, eating disorder, diabetes.
  • regular use of any psychotropic drugs including anxiolytics and antidepressants and other over-the-counter medications and herbal products within the last six months
  • pregnancy/breast feeding (as documented by pregnancy testing at screening or on days of the imaging studies),
  • suicidal ideation or behavior
  • pacemaker or other ferromagnetic material in body.
  • use of medications which affect dopamine transmission within 2 weeks of the PET study
  • participation in other research studies involving ionizing radiation within one year of the PET scans that would cause the subject to exceed the yearly dose limits for normal volunteers

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: OTHER
  • Allocation: NA
  • Interventional Model: SINGLE_GROUP
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: amphetamine
There is only one arm to the study. All subjects will receive amphetamine at 0.5mg/kg prior to the second PET scan.
All subjects will receive amphetamine to induce elevated dopamine levels in the brain at 0.5mg/kg
Other Names:
  • dextro-amphetamine

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Dopamine Levels at Baseline and After Amphetamine Administration as Measured by Percent Change in PET Tracer Binding Potential.
Time Frame: first 90 minute scan at baseline, second 90 minute scan start 150 minutes post amphetamine administration
PET images will be obtained in subjects at baseline and after amphetamine administration. Dopamine release will be measured as a percent change in binding potential. Increased dopamine release will result in decreased radiotracer binding because dopamine will displace the radiotracer.
first 90 minute scan at baseline, second 90 minute scan start 150 minutes post amphetamine administration

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Kelly Cosgrove, Ph.D., assistant professor

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

June 1, 2012

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

July 1, 2013

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

July 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 1, 2012

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 2, 2012

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

October 3, 2012

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

March 6, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 4, 2020

Last Verified

March 1, 2020

More Information

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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