- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT01775371
Effectiveness and Feasibility of Patient Controlled Analgesia in the ED
November 11, 2020 updated by: Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Background: Inadequate pain management is common in the Emergency Department (ED).
Optimal treatment of pain necessitates titration to effective dose due to the large inter-individual variability in opioid requirement.
However nurse administered titration is difficult to provide in this setting due to high patient to nurse and physician ratios and multiple urgent competing patient demands.
Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) lets ED patients actively participate in pain management by allowing self-titration to their desired level of pain relief.
A tightly controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) funded by the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) recently completed by the investigators group provides promising preliminary support for the efficacy and safety of PCA for patients with abdominal pain at a single ED with a dedicated research nurse and standard loading dose given to all patients.
Objective: The overall objective is to provide optimal pain management in the ED.
Specific aims: 1)To compare the effectiveness and safety of PCA and non-PCA opioid analgesia when nurses involved in clinical care deliver the intervention to a broad group of ED patients with acute pain at multiple clinical centers.
The primary hypothesis is that there will be a greater decline in pain over time and similar safety in patients randomized to receive PCA compared to patients receiving standard opioid analgesia.
2) To describe the feasibility of PCA in terms of patient and provider acceptance, resource utilization and cost associated with PCA.
Innovation: PCA represents a novel shift from the current provider-driven model of ED pain management to one in which the patient is an active participant.
Few prior studies have evaluated ED PCA and no systematic evaluation of time and resources exists.
Methodology: An RCT will be performed at 3 clinical centers.
750 patients with acute pain warranting IV opioid administration will be randomized to receive usual opioid analgesia determined by the provider or PCA (loading dose 0.1 mg/kg morphine and demand dose of 1 mg morphine available every 6 minutes).
Pain intensity will be measured by a numerical rating scale (NRS) recorded every half hour up to 2 hours after initial opioid administration.
Primary endpoints are rate of change in pain intensity from 30 minutes after initial administration of opioid to 2 hours as suggested by the results of the preliminary study and incidence of adverse events.
PCA will also be compared to non-PCA opioid analgesia assessed at the end of the 2 hour study period by patient satisfaction with pain management; registered nurse (RN) assessment of time efficiency/ease of use and satisfaction with pain management; and physician satisfaction with pain management.
Resource utilization and cost associated with implementation and use of PCA in the ED setting will be assessed by total Registered nurse (RN) time spent on pain management per patient; pharmacy preparation time per patient; material cost per patient and Registered Nurse and Physician training time necessary for PCA implementation.
Significance: If PCA is demonstrated to be effective, safe, and associated with patient and provider acceptance and acceptable resource utilization, it has the potential to significantly improve ED pain management.
Study Overview
Status
Completed
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Study Type
Interventional
Enrollment (Actual)
636
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.
Study Locations
-
-
New York
-
Bronx, New York, United States, 10461
- Jacobi Medical Center
-
Bronx, New York, United States, 10467
- Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Division
-
-
Pennsylvania
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
- University of Pennsylvania
-
-
Participation Criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Genders Eligible for Study
All
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 18 to 65
- Patient deemed by the ED attending physician to require IV opioid analgesia for pain and for whom the ED Attending Physician would consider using PCA
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients requiring initial resuscitation that would preclude the use of PCA
- Long-term use of prescription or non-prescription opioids now or within the past year
- Recent opioid use within the past 24 hours
- Chronic pain syndromes
- Clinician suspicion of current or past opioid dependence/abuse
- Altered mental status/Clinical suspicion of intoxication
- Patients expected to require conscious sedation while in the ED
- Pregnancy or breast-feeding
- History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of sleep apnea syndrome, baseline oxygen saturation (room air) < 97%
- Systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg
- Use of sedative medications e.g. benzodiazepines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, phenothiazines, or tricyclic antidepressants.
- History of renal insufficiency/renal failure
- Prior allergic reaction to morphine
- Inability to provide informed consent or inability to understand or operate PCA device
- Previous entry of patient into study
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Patient Controlled Analgesia
PCA (loading dose 0.1 mg/kg morphine and demand dose of 1 mg morphine available every 6 minutes)
|
Loading dose 0.1 mg/kg morphine and demand dose of 1 mg morphine available every 6 minutes
|
Active Comparator: Usual Care
Usual opioid analgesia determined by the provider
|
Usual opioid analgesia determined by the provider
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Rate of Change in Pain Intensity Per Hour
Time Frame: 1.5 hours
|
Rate of Change in Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of Pain per hour where 0 indicates "no pain", 10 indicates "worst possible pain" between 30 minutes and 120 minutes post-baseline i.e.
NRS at 30 minutes minus NRS at 120 minutes post-baseline.
|
1.5 hours
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Number of Participants With One or More Adverse Events
Time Frame: 2 hours
|
Number of participants with one or more adverse events defined by: oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry < 92% for one minute or more, respiratory rate <10 breaths/min counted for 60 seconds, or systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg.
|
2 hours
|
Patient Satisfaction With Pain Management
Time Frame: 2 hours
|
Self report of satisfaction with treatment at120 minutes after baseline
|
2 hours
|
Other Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Nurse Preference for PCA or Conventional Administration of IV Opioids
Time Frame: 2 hours
|
Single question about preference for PCA versus preference for conventional administration of IV opioids.
|
2 hours
|
Physician Preference for PCA or Usual Care
Time Frame: 2 hours
|
Single question about physician preference for PCA or conventional administration of IV opioids
|
2 hours
|
Collaborators and Investigators
This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.
Collaborators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Polly Bijur, PhD, Albert Einstein College Of Medicine
- Principal Investigator: Adrienne Birnbaum, MD, Jacobi Medical Center
Study record dates
These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
April 1, 2013
Primary Completion (Actual)
February 1, 2016
Study Completion (Actual)
February 1, 2016
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
October 3, 2012
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
January 22, 2013
First Posted (Estimate)
January 25, 2013
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
December 4, 2020
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
November 11, 2020
Last Verified
November 1, 2020
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Other Study ID Numbers
- 2012-485
- R01NR013980 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
No
product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.
No
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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