Prospective Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study of the Effect of Xolair (Omalizumab) in Chronic Urticaria Patients

The aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism of omalizumab in patients with documented chronic urticaria who have complaints under standard antihistamine treatment. With this study the investigators will assess the correlation between Fc-IgE receptor downregulation as well as functionality and clinical response to omalizumab treatment in patients with chronic urticaria. This may be an approach for other diseases as well, where Fc-IgE receptor crosslinking are essential. The treatment time is set for a total of 4 monthly applications of omalizumab. According to the dosage recommendations of recent studies, fixed doses of 300 mg omalizumab are administered subcutaneously.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria; Chronic Urticaria; Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Omalizumab (Xolair); Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

Background

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a frequent disease with a lifetime incidence of up to 25-30% of the population. Currently, CU treatment relies mainly on second generation antihistamines and is purely symptomatic. The disease tends to have a cyclical nature with spontaneous disappearance and frequent relapses. Some patients show a sufficient response to standard second generation antihistamines like (levo)cetirizine 10mg, (des)loratadine 5mg or terfenadine 120-180mg. Others need higher doses (up to 4-fold usual daily dose), often accompanied by sedation. Treatment may last for months, even years. If this first-line therapy is insufficient, the next step (sometimes even before use of excessively high doses of antihistamines) is to add first generation, even more sedating antihistamines, some of which have additional modes of action (e.g. anticholinergic effects in doxepin treatment). A considerable number of patients with CU need treatment escalations with leukotriene receptor blocking agents (e.g. montelukast), systemic corticosteroids (5-20mg prednisolon/d) or even cyclosporine (daily dose 3-5 mg/kg) or other immunosuppressive drugs used off-label. Such patients are often investigated more in detail to find an infection or autoimmune disease - often still without clear results.

Different clinical findings suggest that the mast cell system in many patients with CU is "overactive" with increased releasability. Minor stress like scratching can already induce degranulation resulting in wheal-and-flare skin reactions. Therefore, a therapy directly aiming at a decrease in this mast cell "hyperreleasability" would be optimal. Omalizumab binds selectively to free IgE in plasma, inhibits its binding to Fc-IgE receptor on the surface of mast cells and basophils and reduces the number of Fc-IgE receptors on basophils in atopic patients. Significant reduction of Fc-IgE receptor density on the surface of circulating basophils has been found as early as 1 week after administration of omalizumab. In contrast to this, the onset of clinical efficacy of omalizumab in asthma is considered to take place relatively late, namely about 4 months after start of treatment. The pathophysiologic concepts of omalizumab treatment in allergic asthma are focused on the neutralisation of IgE, and less on the Fc-IgE receptor density. In allergology, free IgE in plasma is only relevant regarding Fc-IgE receptor density on effector cells. Therefore, Fc-IgE receptor density measurement might be an important parameter for mast cell and basophil "releasability" and therefore a good in vitro surrogate marker for their reactivity. E.g. it is well known that only about 50% of IgE-sensitized individuals show clinically relevant allergic symptoms. This difference between sensitization and allergy may also be due to Fc-IgE receptor density on mast cells and basophils. Flowcytometric determination of Fc-IgE receptor density on the surface of basophils and additional testing for the functional consequences of a change in this density (ability to crosslink Fc-IgE receptors by autoantibodies and allergens) raise the possibility to evaluate this hypothesis - using omalizumab as a drug being able to decrease Fc-IgE receptor density:

1. Study data show that a fixed dose of 300 mg omalizumab is useful for the treatment of CU. The investigators assume that this effect is due to the decrease of Fc-IgE receptor density. Thus, the basophil Fc-IgE receptor density should be monitored quantitatively and functionally (see below) and correlated to clinical response.
2. 30-40% of patients with CU have autoantibodies against Fc-IgE receptor or IgE itself, which can be measured in vitro (already via ELISA, flowcytometric via CD63 and CD203c upregulation on basophils). Decrease of Fc-IgE receptor density may decrease basophil reactivity and explain or be correlated to the clinical response in CU patients. At least three patients will be followed for reactivity to autoantibodies over the study period.
3. Some patients with CU may also have an accompanying IgE-mediated allergy, which is most probably irrelevant for the CU, but offers the possibility of a functional test of basophil responsiveness to low concentrations of allergens - before (with presumably high Fc-IgE receptor density) and after omalizumab treatment (low Fc-IgE rec. density). At least three patients will be followed for allergen reactivity of basophils.

Objective

Primary objectives

- Measurement of the kinetic of Fc-IgE receptor density change on basophils from patients with chronic urticaria with omalizumab compared to placebo

Secondary objectives

• Change of responsiveness to Fc-IgE cross-linking dependent stimuli:

  • incubation of patient's basophils with anti-IgE
  • allergen induced cross-linking (only grass pollen and birch pollen allergic patients)
  • comparison of serum on third party basophils
• Measurement of IL-3 hyperresponsiveness of basophils after Stimulation with anti-IgE and allergen
• Daily urticaria activity score
• Medication and rescue medication use
• German version of the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL)

Methods

This is a monocentric, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial, which aims to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism of omalizumab in patients with documented chronic urticaria who have complaints under standard antihistamine treatment.

According to the inclusion criteria, 30 patients with diagnosed chronic urticaria will be recruited in our outpatient clinic. Omalizumab (Xolair®) is administered in fixed dose of 300 mg in a total of 4 monthly doses according to the reference. A follow-up visit is planned 2 months after the last injection.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Switzerland
  • Bern, Switzerland, 3010
    • Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Bern University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Diagnosis of chronic urticaria made by clinical symptoms and clinical investigations
• 2. Patients with chronic urticaria were defined as having symptoms for at least 6 weeks, with hives present at least twice weekly, refractory to H1 antihistaminics at time of randomization
• 3. Signed informed consent documenting understanding of the study procedures and the investigational nature of the study

Exclusion Criteria

• Age <18 or >70 year
• Patients with pure physical or cold urticaria, delayed pressure or cholinergic urticaria
• Patients with a clearly defined allergic urticaria (food, drugs etc.)
• Previous treatment with omalizumab within one year prior to randomization
• Known hypersensitivity to omalizumab or any of its components
• History of cancer in the previous 5 years
• Patients with parasitic infections
• Patients with documented active tuberculosis or undergoing anti-TB therapy
• Patients currently or recently (in the preceding 4 weeks) treated with systemic immunosuppressive agents according to medical history
• Pregnant or nursing women
• Known intolerance to any protocol intervention
• Patient's lack of accountability, inability to appreciate the nature, meaning and consequences of the study and to formulate his/her own wishes correspondingly

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Omalizumab (Xolair); Fixed dose of 300 mg omalizumab is subcutaneously administered in total 4 monthly doses	Drug: Omalizumab (Xolair); Fixed dose of 300 mg omalizumab is subcutaneously administered in total 4 monthly doses
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Fixed dose of Placebo is subcutaneously administered in total 4 monthly doses	Drug: Placebo; Fixed dose of placebo is subcutaneously administered in total 4 monthly doses

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Fc-IgE Receptor density change on basophils	Twice before (1 month before and the day of first treatment), after 1 week, after 1 and 3 months of treatment start and 2 months after stopping treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Change of responsiveness to Fc-IgE cross-linking dependent stimuli (anti-IgE, Allergen induced IgE-cross-linking in grass or birch pollen allergic patients)	Once before treatment, 1 week and 3 months after treatment start
Comparison of serum of visit 1 and 6 on third party basophils (CD63 upregulation on basophils)	Once before treatment and 3 months after treatment start
Measurement of IL-3 hyperresponsiveness of basophils	Day of the first treatment, 1 week and 3 months after treatment start
Urticaria activity score	At 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months
German version of the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL)	At 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months
Medication use	At 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Hospital Inselspital, Berne
• Collaborators: Novartis; University of Bern; Adverse Drug Reactions, Advice and Consulting ADR-AC
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Oliver Hausmann, Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Bern University Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 27, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 1, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): March 4, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): April 15, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 14, 2014
• Last Verified: April 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Urticaria; Xolair; Omalizumab; basophils; chronic Urticaria; Fc Receptor
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Skin Diseases, Vascular; Hypersensitivity; Urticaria; Chronic Urticaria; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Respiratory System Agents; Anti-Allergic Agents; Omalizumab
• Other Study ID Numbers: 199/10; CIGE025ECH04T (Other Identifier: Swissmedic)