Bioavailability of Vitamin D Encapsulated in Casein Micelles, Compared to Its Bioavailability in a Synthetic Emulsifier Currently Used for Supplementation and Enrichment. (VD)

March 13, 2013 updated by: Rambam Health Care Campus

Background: Vitamin D3 (VD) is an oil soluble vitamin formed in the skin during exposure to UV light. It is essential for bone and calcium metabolism, insulin reactivity, immune system etc. The dietary sources of VD are scarce, and insufficient. Epidemiological studies link proper VD status with lower risks of bone fracture, hypertension, diabetes, cancer and more. VD deficiency is widespread, mainly due to avoidance of sun exposure due to fear of melanoma. Therefore there is an urgent need to enrich staple foods & beverages with VD, to prevent deficiency.

A novel technology was developed , for nanoencapsulating VD within casein micelles (CM) (natural milk protein nanoparticles). Previously we have found that the bioavailability of VD in CM in 1% fat milk was similar to that in an aqueous dietary supplement based on a synthetic emulsifier- Tween 80- which is sometimes used by the industry to add VD into milk.

The main research question studied in the current project is: how will the bioavailability of VD be affected by its delivery in CM compared to its delivery using Tween 80 in a fat free milk product, like nonfat yogurt.

Hypothesis: The open molecular structure of caseins, which evolved to be easily digestible, may facilitate the bioavailability of VD nanoencapsulated in CM, so that it will not be less than that in Tween 80, which is considered to be good. CM are particularly useful for oil-soluble micronutrient delivery in non-fat products. The most widely consumed nonfat milk product is 0% fat yoghurt, chosen it for this study.

Methods: Yoghurts will be made from 3 milk formulations:

  1. Skim milk (0% fat) enriched with 50,000 international units (IU) VD in 150 gr product, in CM.
  2. Skim milk with same dosage of VD, emulsified with Tween 80.
  3. Placebo: skim milk without added VD. 90 healthy adults, aged 18-65, having passed a medical qualification examination, will be randomly assigned to 3 groups. Following over-night fasting they will each consume a 150 gr yoghurt sample as detailed above, and be requested to fast 2 more hours. Blood will be sampled before yoghurt consumption, and after 1, 7 and 14 days following consumption. Blood-serum level of 25(OH)D (the form of VD used as a status indicator in routine blood tests), by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CMIA).

Expected findings: The bioavailability of VD in CM will not be lower than that in Tween 80, in 0% fat yoghurt.

Significance of the study: With the widespread VD deficiency, decreased fat consumption and rising demand for using only natural ingredients there is great importance in delivery of VD and other fat-soluble micronutrients in protein-based delivery systems, like CM, instead of using synthetic emulsifiers, and it is imperative to assure the bioavailability is not compromised by this dramatic change.

CM solubilize VD and help uniformly distribute it in aqueous products and protect it against heat, oxidation and UV.

Study Overview

Status

Unknown

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

90

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Israel
      • Haifa, Israel, 31096
        • Recruiting
        • Rambam-Health Care Campus
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • SOFIA ISH-SHALOM, MD
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • YOAV LIVNEY, MD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years to 61 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy volunteers . adults aged 18 - 65

Exclusion Criteria:

Intestinal malabsorption, lactose intolerance, medical illness (e.g. liver disease, kidney disease, or diabetes), hypercalcemia, excessive alcohol use, pregnancy, use of medications known to interfere with vitamin D metabolism e.g. anticonvulsants, barbiturates, or steroids), granulomatous disease, use of vitamin D supplements, potential for significant sun exposure (e.g., travel to a sunny vacation site or use of tanning beds) within the month prior to, or during, the study. -

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Skimmilk VD will be emulsified using Tween 80
Skimmilk enriched with VD wherein the VD will be emulsified using Tween 80;
Dietary supplement: Skimmilk enriched with VD wherein the VD will be emulsified using Tween 80
Skimmilk enriched with VD wherein the VD will be emulsified using Tween 80
Placebo Comparator: Placebo: un-enriched skimmilk.
Dietary supplement: Placebo: un-enriched skimmilk.
Placebo: un-enriched skimmilk
Active Comparator: enriched skimmilk with VD
Dietary supplement: enriched skimmilk with VD
enriched skimmilk with VD

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Serum 25(OH)D level
Time Frame: 0, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days
0, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Rambam Health Care Campus

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

January 1, 2013

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

May 1, 2013

Study Completion (Anticipated)

December 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 7, 2013

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 7, 2013

First Posted (Estimate)

March 8, 2013

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

March 14, 2013

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 13, 2013

Last Verified

March 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • No. 1-Version 1.

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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